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UNIT 1 Introduction to Forensic Chemistry PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Unit 1 presents the following 1.1 Definition of Forensic Chemistry 1.2 History of Forensic Chemistry 1.3 Development of Forensic Chemistry in the Philippines 1.2 Methods of Solving cases Self Assessment task included.

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Published on : Oct 10, 2020 | Views : 7085 | Downloads : 76

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Dr. Melody Joy V. Mique Introduction to Forensic Chemistry
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1. Forensic 2. Forensic Science: Forensic Chemistry: Definition Scope History 3. Development in the Philippines 4. Forensic Chemists: role in criminal investigation 5. Golden Rule in the Practice of Forensic Chemistry 6. Introduction to Physical Evidences Topics on Board:
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Forensis = of or before the forum (roman time): Person accused of the crime and the accuser would give speeches based on their sides of story. The case would be decided in favor of the person with the best argument Purely ARGUMENTS….. Forensic
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Forensis(arguments) + study/analysis = Forensic Forensic + scientific analysis = Forensic Science Forensic Science
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Is the scientific method of gathering and examining information about occurrences in the past which is then used in court of law. Forensic Science
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Forensic Chemistry Forensic Relating to the use of science or technology in the investigation and establishment of facts or evidence in a court of law Chemistry The science of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter, especially of atomic and molecular systems.
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A field of chemistry dedicated to the chemical analysis of various matter or substances that might be important or might have been used in the commission of a crime. Forensic Chemistry
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Scope of Forensic Chemistry Blood and Blood Stains Seminal fluid and vaginal discharge Gun powder determination Explosives and explosives ingredients Hair and Textile Fibers Glass ad Glass Fractures Casting techniques Macro-etching Soil, Mineral and dust analysis Arson Investigation Dangerous Drugs Alcohol and blood alcohol determination Forensic Toxicology Examination of unfair trade competition
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Poisons were employed by early Egyptians and ancient Greeks and Romans Poisons were used both for murder and as a means of execution Arsenic (inheritance powder)was a popular poison in Roman times Ancient Roman civilization had laws against poisoning in 82 B.C. (but no scientific evidences yet, guilt was determined largely by circumstantial evidence ) History Of Forensic as a Field
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Methods of solving Cases: 1. Force confession and witness testimony. 2. Medieval style; application of little scientific principles 3. Enlightenment Era style; Application of scientific principles specifically in Toxicology, Ballistics , impressions and Finger Prints 4. 19th and 29th Century Style: Forensic Science
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Early Methods of solving Cases: 1. Force confession and witness testimony. (torture: ex. submersion, whipping, peeling etc. 2. Medieval style; application of little scientific principles = Use to determine innocence/guilt *Saliva *Mouth * Tongue Science Principle: Guilty person would produce lesser saliva
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Chinese and Indians Cultures: suspects fill their mouth with dried rice and spit it out back Middle Eastern Cultures: accused leaks hot metal rods briefly ------------------------------------------------------ ……laid the groundwork for the application of techniques to solve cases (forensic) AMBROISE PARE = Europe SONG CI = China
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AMBROISE PARE……laid the ground work for the application of techniques to solve cases (forensic) =French army surgeon; studied effects of violent death on internal organs SONG CI…….he wrote the book entitled “Hsi Yüan Lu” …a book with written accounts on solving cases through medicine
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Hsi Yüan Lu (Washing away of Wrongs) = the first written account of using medicine to solve criminal cases Contents: a. distinguish between drowning and strangulation( Broken neck cartilage) b. persons who died with sickles/testing various blades) c. Evidences in examining corps (determining cause of death)
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3. Enlightenment Era (18th Century): = an era where impressions and gun powders were included in the investigation to solve crime. = legal proceedings demonstrate the increasing use of logic and procedure in criminal investigation = Toxicology, Ballistics and Finger Prints era
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Example *pistol evidence: when dead body was examined a pistol wad(crushed paper used to secure powder and balls in the muzzle) was found in his head wound matches perfectly with a torn newspaper found in the pocket of the murderer. Example * Impressions…1816….a farm laborer was convicted of a murder of a maid servant.. She had been drowned in a shallow pool…police found footprints impression near the pool and scattered wheat…investigated all farm laborers nearby. Impressions of soil and footprints matched the murderer
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Toxicology, Ballistics and Fingerprints Era 1. Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfla ( Father of Toxicology): started the detection of arsenic in a body of corpse 2. Carl Wilhelm Scheele: introduced method for detecting arsenious oxide (Arsenic ) in corpse. = discoverer of O2 3. Valentin Ross : detects poison in the walls of a victim’s stomach 4. James Marsh: he made an apparatus to detect arsenic in the body. (Marsh Test)
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Toxicology, Ballistics and Fingerprints Era cont…. 5. Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan =discovered a way of converting arsenic into arsenous oxide; a tasteless, odorless white powder 6. Jean Servais Stas : =made a test to detect certain types of vegetable poisons in the body (nicotine) Stas-Otto Test= test used to identify alkaloids in the body
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Toxicology, Ballistics and Fingerprints Era cont. 7. Henry Goddard: =pioneered the used of bullet comparison ( he noticed a flaw in the bullet that killed the victim and was able to trace this back to the mold that was used in the manufacturing process. = leads to the introduction of making gun barrels…riffling = he invented the comparison microscope with which the markings on two bullets could be compared with high specificity
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Toxicology, Ballistics and Fingerprints Era cont. 8. Alexandre Lacassagne : studied the two characteristics of the rifling pattern—the number of grooves and the size of the lands. 9. William Herschel: first one to advocate fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspect. ( started in documents to prevent rampant repudiation of signatures) 10. Henry Faulds : first one to detect finger prints left in a vial. Introduced this to London metropolitan Police
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Toxicology, Ballistics and Fingerprints Era cont. 11. Francis Galton: introduce finger printing to forensic science ( calculated the chance of a false positive is about 1 in 64 billion person) 12. Juan Vuvetich: Chief of police officer who 1st used finger printing as an evidence of murder. He set up the worlds 1st Fingerprinting Bureau . (Calcuta)The council of the governor general approved finger prints to be used for the classification of criminal records 1906 fingerprinting of criminals was introduced to the United states (New York City Police Dept.)
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1. Forensic Science had become largely established in the sphere of criminal investigation specifically in the capture of serial killers such as Jack the Ripper ( who killed series of prostitutes) 2. Crime Scene Photography was also introduced as part and parcel of the investigation 3. The 1st school of Forensic Science in the world was Established ( University of Lausanne (UNIL) 4. Dr. Edmond Locard = known as the “Sherlock Homes “of France…He formulated the basic Principle of Forensic Science “EVERY CONTACT LEAVES A TRACE” ( Locard’s exchange Principle) 4. 19th to 2oth Century ERA
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5. Arthur Con An Doyle= he had seen growth of investigation = wrote and created Sherlock Holmes( symbolic of a fiction character; use of reasoning in detective works) = introduced Questioned Document Examination (QDE) : trace evidences such as shoe and tire impression, finger prints, ballistics and handwriting analysis. = introduce also the use of Analytical Chemistry for blood residue analysis , toxicology examination for poison determination and ballistics by measuring bullet calibers 19th to 2oth Century ERA
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5. Alec Jeffreys = he invented the DNA profiling technique ( Genetic code) in 1984. The method become important in assisting * detective works * resolving paternal disputes * resolving immigration disputes * It was 1st used as a police forensic test to identify the rapist and the killer of 2 teenagers 19th to 2oth Century ERA
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Fun Learning QUIZ
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1. He introduced Questioned Document Examination (QDE) : trace evidences such as shoe and tire impression, finger prints, ballistics and handwriting analysis 2. He invented the DNA profiling technique ( Genetic code) in 1984. 3. He studied the two characteristics of the rifling pattern—the number of grooves and the size of the lands of a gun. 4. The title given to Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfla for being responsible in the detection of arsenic in a body of corpse SELF ASSESSMENT 1
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5. The title of book written by Song Ci 6. first one to advocate fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspect. ( started in documents to prevent rampant repudiation of signatures) 7. He formulated the basic Principle of Forensic Science 8. He made a test to detect certain types of vegetable poisons in the body (nicotine) 9.What does Forensis means 10. The 1st school of Forensic Science in the world
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11. The invention of Henry Goddard with which the markings on two bullets could be compared with high specificity. 12. Chief of police officer who 1st used finger printing as an evidence of murder. 13. He introduce finger printing to forensic science 14. He was the first one to detect finger prints left in a vial and introduced this to London metropolitan Police 15. He discovered a way of converting arsenic into arsenous oxide; a tasteless, odorless white powder
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16-19. Methods of solving cases 20…..Transcribe QDE