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The Role of Medical Imaging Informatics In Healthcare PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "The Role of Medical Imaging Informatics in Healthcare”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about Medical Imaging Informatics (MII), a field of study that deals with the management, analysis, and visualization of medical images, along with the use of technology to support these activities. MII plays a critical role in healthcare by providing a way to access and analyze medical images in a way that is more efficient, accurate, and secure than traditional methods.

One of the primary benefits of MII is its ability to support the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, can be analyzed and interpreted more quickly and accurately using MII technologies. This can lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment plans, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

In addition to supporting diagnosis and treatment, MII can also aid in medical research. Researchers can use MII tools to analyze large datasets of medical images to identify trends, patterns, and correlations that may not be apparent through traditional methods. This can lead to new insights into the causes of disease and more effective treatments.

MII also plays a critical role in healthcare operations and management. Medical images and associated data can be securely stored, shared, and accessed using MII technologies, enabling healthcare providers to collaborate more effectively and make better decisions about patient care. This can improve the efficiency of healthcare operations, reduce costs, and improve patient satisfaction.

Overall, MII has become an essential component of modern healthcare, improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis and treatment, enabling medical research, and improving healthcare operations and management.

Tags : Medical Imaging Informatics, Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Medicine PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 602 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

The Role of Medical Imaging Informaticsin Healthcare
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Outline • Medical Imaging and System Integration • Medical Imaging Informatics and CAD • Integration of CAD to PACS Operation • Image-assisted Treatment • The Creation of a Continuum – Across the Chasm from Diagnosis to Treatment
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Academic Excellence The Nobel Prize • 1979 “For the Development of computer assisted tomography (CAT)” Hounsfield Cormack • 2003 “For the Discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)” Paul Lauterbur Peter Mansfield
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is a non-invasive method used to render images of the inside of an object. It is primarily used in medical imaging to demonstrate pathological or other physiological alterations of living tissues. Definition: Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids Definition: Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. MRI vs CT A computed tomography (CT) , originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT) scanner uses X-rays, a type of ionizing radiation, to acquire its images, making it a good tool for examining tissue composed of elements of a relatively higher atomic number than the tissue surrounding them, such as bone and calcifications (calcium based) within the body (carbon based flesh), or of structures (vessels, bowel) which have been artificially enhanced with contrast agents containing elements of a higher atomic number than the surrounding flesh (iodine, barium). MRI, on the other hand, uses non-ionizing radio frequency (RF) signals to acquire its images and is best suited for non-calcified tissue. MRI Hand animation scan
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (continued) The magnet is the largest and most expensive component of the scanner, and the remainder of the scanner is built around the magnet. Just as important as the strength of the main magnet is its precision. The straightness of flux lines within the centre or, as it is known as, the iso-centre of the magnet, need to be almost perfect. Magnetic gradients are generated by three orthogonal coils, oriented in the x, y and z directions of the scanner. These are usually resistive electromagnets powered by sophisticated amplifiers which permit rapid and precise adjustments to their field strength and direction. In 1983 Ljunggren[9] and Tweig[10] independently introduced the k-space formalism, a technique that proved invaluable in unifying different MR imaging techniques. They showed that the demodulated MR signal S(t) generated by freely precessing nuclear spins in the presence of a linear magnetic field gradient G equals the Fourier transform of the effective spin density i.e. MRI Animation 1
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PET Positron Emission Tomography Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine medical imaging technique which produces a three-dimensional image or map of functional processes or Metabolic Activities in the body. To conduct the scan, a short-lived radioactive tracer isotope, which decays by emitting a positron, which also has been chemically incorporated into a metabolically active molecule, is injected into the living subject (usually into blood circulation). The data set collected in PET is much poorer than CT, so reconstruction techniques are more difficult (see section below on image reconstruction of PET). PET Animation Pet Animation Atoms
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Computed tomography (CT), originally known as computed axial tomography (CAT or CT scan) and body section roentgenography, is a medical imaging method employing tomography where digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation
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Medical Imaging • Body Region, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Gene • Diseases – What you want to detect, to see, or to diagnosis? • Energy sources • Detectors • Image formation • Display • User Interface • Connection to other Systems
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Anatomy to Physiology • Anatomy: Body regions, organs, blood vessels, etc. Can we see smaller anatomy? How small is small? Static vs. Dynamics: how fast can we detect and record? • Physiology: Functions, metabolism, oxygen concentration, blood flow, etc. How fast can we detect and record? • Can we combine anatomy and physiology? Can we see the dynamic?
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Medical Images • One-dimensional Signals • Two-dimensional Images • Three-Dimensional Images • Four-Dimensional Images • Five- or Higher-Dimensional ? The fourth dimension and orthogonality A right angle is defined as one quarter of a revolution. Cartesian geometry arbitrarily chooses orthogonal directions through space, which means that they are at right angles to one another. The orthogonal directions of three-dimensional space are known as the length, width and height. The fourth dimension is therefore the direction in space that is at right angles to these three observable directions. Rotating Tesseract The four-dimensional equivalent of a cube.
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X-Ray
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MRI Scan
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MRI Scan with injected isotopes
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MRI Scan with injected isotopes
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One 256-Slice CT Scan 256 x 0.5 MB = 178 MB
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Medical Imaging • Body Region, Organ, Tissue, Cell • Diseases – What you want to detect to see, or diagnosis? • Energy sources • Detectors • Image formation • Display • User Interface • Connection to another Systems
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Imaging Informatics • Computer Software Technology • Mathematical Modeling • Patient Information & History • PACS and other medical Image Data • Infrastructure – Networking – knowledge base – Visualization and Presentation
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One Approach to Image Storage Picture Archiving and Communication System –( PACS)
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CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis/ (Detection)) • CADx – CA Diagnosis • Provide computer output to assist human (radiologist) in image interpretation • One of the major research subjects in medical imaging and diagnostic radiology during the past 5 years • Being applied in clinical practice
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Effect of CAD on Ambulatory Care and Emergency Physicians The automated assist and diagnosis software is approaching the quality of human experts that evaluate images
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The unaided scan on left was enhanced and evaluated using the CAD-diagnosis software and the picture on the right color coded the abnormality and displayed a message.
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CAD-PACS (Computer Aided Diagnostics – Picture Archiving and Communications System) Integration Using DICOM & IHE (Data Integration and Communications)
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Combined Diagnosis with Treatment
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Ultrasound-guided Endoscopy: Imagine Traditional endoscopy: Use fiber optic with visible light Ultrasound endoscopy: Small transducer at the end of endoscopic tube Two possible types of images: Circumferential image of lumen Planar image of lumen Source: Barret’s Foundation
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Ultrasound-guided Endoscopy: Example Ultrasound endoscopy for upper GI tract Two transducers at tip of endoscope: Low frequency: Imaging High frequency:treatment Source: Penn Center
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Ultrasound-guided Endoscopy: Treatment Tumor detection with ultrasound Heating and killing tumor cells with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) Effective hyperthermia: above 70°C Mechanical result: tissue disruption Focus: possible single transducer to send both imaging and therapeutic frequencies
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