Download Free Medical Spinal and Epdural Anesthesia PowerPoint Presentation

Spinal and Epdural Anesthesia PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "SPINAL AND EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA" by Mahmoud Ibrahim Abd El-fattah, MD.

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about spinal and epidural anesthesia. Spinal and epidural anesthesia are both types of regional anesthesia that can be used to numb a specific part of the body for surgery or other medical procedures.

Spinal anesthesia involves injecting a local anesthetic medication into the fluid that surrounds the spinal cord in the lower back, which temporarily blocks the nerve impulses that transmit pain signals to the brain. This results in numbness and loss of sensation in the lower body, including the legs, abdomen, and pelvic area. Spinal anesthesia is typically used for procedures such as childbirth, hernia repair, and knee or hip replacement.

Epidural anesthesia, on the other hand, involves injecting a local anesthetic medication into the space around the spinal cord, but outside the membrane that encloses it. This results in numbness and loss of sensation in a larger area, including the lower back, legs, and abdomen. Epidural anesthesia is commonly used during childbirth and for pain management during labor, as well as for procedures such as surgery on the lower body.

Tags : Spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, regional anesthesia, Anesthesiology

Published on : Mar 16, 2023 | Views : 1391 | Downloads : 2

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

SPINAL AND EPIDURAL ANESTHESIAMahmoud Ibrahim Abd El-fattah, mdlecturer, anesthesiology departement, faculty of medicine, benha university 1
Slide 2-

Objectives of the Lecture A- Spinal Anesthesia 1. Definition 2. Advantages 3. Indications and Contra-indications 4.How to perform the spinal anesthesia? 5. Complications of Spinal Anesthesia 2
Slide 3-

B-Epidural Anesthesia 1. Definiton of Epidural anesthesia 2. Indication contraindication and complications 3. Technique 4. Differences between spinal and Epidural Anesthesia 3
Slide 4-

Definition Spinal anesthesia : is the injection of small amounts of local anaesthetics into the ( CSF ) at the level below ( L2 ) ,where the spinal cord ends , anesthesia of the lower body part below the umbilicus is achieved. 4
Slide 5-

5
Slide 6-

Advantages of spinal anesthesia (SPA) 1. Cost. The costs associated with SPA are minimal. 2. Patient satisfaction. the majority of patients are very happy with this technique. 3. Respiratory disease. SPA produces few adverse effects on the respiratory system as long as unduly high blocks are avoided. 4. Patent airway. As control of the airway is not compromised, there is a reduced risk of airway obstruction or the aspiration of gastric contents. 6
Slide 7-

5. Diabetic patients. There is little risk of unrecognised hypoglycaemia in an awake patient. 6. Muscle relaxation. SPA provides excellent muscle relaxation for lower abdominal and lower limb surgery. 7. Bleeding. Blood loss during operation is less than when the same operation is done under general anaesthesia. 7
Slide 8-

8. Splanchnic blood flow. Because of its effect on increasing blood flow to the gut, spinal anaesthesia reduces the incidence of anastomotic dehiscence. 9. Visceral tone. The bowel is contracted by SPA and sphincters relaxed although peristalsis continues. Normal gut function rapidly returns following surgery. 10. Coagulation. Post-operative deep vein thromboses and pulmonary emboli are less common following spinal anaesthesia. 8
Slide 9-

Indications 9 Operations below the umbilicus : hernia repairs , gynaecological and urological operations. Any operation on the perineum or genitalia.
Slide 10-

10 3.All operations on the leg except for limb amputation which is possible but an unpleasant experience for an awake patient so here the patient is supplied with light general anesthetic.
Slide 11-

4. Special indications Elders Chronic systemic disease , hepatic ,renal and endocrine disease ( DM ). Most patients with mild cardiac diseases except for stenotic valvular disease and uncontrolled hypertension. 11
Slide 12-

Contra-indications Patient refusal Uncooperative patients : like young children and psychiatric or mentally handicapped patients Clotting disorders : as bleeding from ruptured peridural vein is common , patients with low platlet count or those on anticoagulant drugs (heparin + warfarin ) are at high risk of hematoma formatiom. 12
Slide 13-

4. Hypovolemia : since SPA has marked hypotensive effect ,hypovolemic patients must be adequately rehydrated and resuscitated 5. Septicemia : leading to CSF infection and meningitis 6. Anatomical deformities (relative contraindication) as it will probably only serve to make the dural puncture more difficult. 13
Slide 14-

Contra-indications continue 7.Neurological disease. Any worsening of the disease postoperatively may be blamed erroneously on the spinal anaesthetic. 8.Inadequate resuscitative drugs and equipment. No regional anaesthetic technique should be attempted if drugs and equipment for resuscitation are not immediately to hand. 14
Slide 15-

How to perform the spinal injection? Clean the patient’s back with antiseptic. Locate a suitable interspinous space. Raise an intradermal wheal of LA agent at proposed puncture site. 15
Slide 16-

How to perform the spinal injection? continue Insert the needle: the structures that will be passed skin , subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament , interaspinous ligament , lagementum flavum , dura mater. 16
Slide 17-

ppt slide no 17 content not found
Slide 18-

18 When CSF appears then slowly inject the local anesthetic.
Slide 19-

Complications of spinal Anaesthesia Hypotension : due to vasodilatation and a functional decrease in the effective circulating volume. By giving fluids and oxygen mask. Raising the legs: simple and effective. increase the speed of IV infusion: until the blood pressure is restored. If the pulse low give atropine IV. Vasoconstrictor (ephedrine). 19
Slide 20-

Headache : within 12-24 h and may last for 1 week. it is postural and it is often occipital associated with astiff neck , nausea, vomiting , Dizziness and photophobia. Ask to lying flat in bed and give much fluids and simple analgesics. 20
Slide 21-

Urinary retention : the sacral autonomic fibers are among the last to recover. Permanent neurological complications (rare): meningitis, arachnoiditis , peridural abscess Permanent paralysis: in elderly patient other cause: direct injury of the spinal cord . 21
Slide 22-

Epidural Anesthesia Local anaesthetic solutions are deposited in the peridural space between the dura mater and the periosteum lining the vertebral canal. The peridural space contains adipose tissue, lymphatics and blood vessels. The injected local anaesthetic solution produces analgesia by blocking conduction at the intradural spinal nerve roots. 22
Slide 23-

23
Slide 24-

Epidural Anesthesia continue Technique: Loss of resistance technique to identify the epidural space. 0.5% Bupivacaine (mainly) or lidocaine (2.0%) is usually used to produce epidural anaesthesia. 24
Slide 25-

25
Slide 26-

Epidural Anesthesia continue Indication and Contraindication: The same of spinal anaesthesia. Additional indication is the post operative Pain management using the epidural catheter technique. Complications: the same of spinal anaesthesia, except the post dural puncture headache. 26
Slide 27-

Differences between Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia 27
Slide 28-

THE END 28