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Screening for Breast Cervical Prostate and Lung Cancer PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : This medical presentation on cancer titled "Screening for Breast, Cervical, Prostate and Lung Cancer" provides us important information on breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. The Presentation also gives information on screening of these cancers.

Tags : Cancer, Screening,r Breast, Cervical, Prostate, Lung Cancer, risk factors, symptoms, Breast self-exam, BSE, mammogram, digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), blood test, Initial pap test, pelvic exam

Published on : May 03, 2021 | Views : 1026 | Downloads : 6

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Slide 1-

Screening for Breast, Cervical, Prostate and Lung Cancer Jo-Anna L. Rorie, PhD (c) Assistant Professor RHA Training Program Module 11
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Definition of Cancer What is cancer? The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way. During the early years of a person's life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out, damaged, or dying cells. Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. There are many kinds of cancer, but they all start because of this out-of-control growth of abnormal cells. http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/LungCancer-SmallCell/OverviewGuide/lung-cancer-small-cell-overview-what-is-cancer
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Breast Cancer Screening
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Who is at risk? Research has found several risk factors that may increase your chances of getting breast cancer, including: Getting older. Being younger when you first had your menstrual period. Starting menopause at a later age. Being older at the birth of your first child. Never giving birth. Not breastfeeding http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/risk_factors.htm
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Who is at risk? Personal history of breast cancer or some non-cancerous breast diseases. Family history of breast cancer (mother, sister, daughter). Treatment with radiation therapy to the breast/chest. Being overweight (increases risk for breast cancer after menopause). Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (estrogen and progesterone combined). Drinking alcohol (more than one drink a day). Not getting regular exercise http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/risk_factors.htm
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Symptoms Breast cancer symptoms vary widely — from lumps to swelling to skin changes — and many breast cancers have no obvious symptoms at all. Symptoms that are similar to those of breast cancer may be the result of non-cancerous conditions like infection or a cyst. http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/
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Screening Diagnosis is a process than can take several weeks .Breast self-exam (BSE) should be part of your monthly health care routine, and you should visit your doctor if you experience breast changes. BSE is recommended for women beginning in their twenties.
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Screening Between ages 20-30 years you should have a clinical breast exam done by a health provider every 3 years.
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Screening If you're over 40 or at a high risk for the disease, you should also have an annual mammogram and physical exam by a doctor. The earlier breast cancer is found and diagnosed, the better your chances of beating it. http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/
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Screening Mammogram. A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. Mammograms are the best method to detect breast cancer early when it is easier to treat and before it is big enough to feel or cause symptoms. Having regular mammograms can lower the risk of dying from breast cancer. If you are age 50 to 74 years, be sure to have a screening mammogram every two years. If you are age 40–49 years, talk to your doctor about when and how often you should have a screening mammogram. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/screening.htm
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Prostate Cancer American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-what-is-prostate-cancer
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About the Prostate The prostate is a gland found only in males. It is located in front of the rectum and below the urinary bladder. In younger men, it is about the size of a walnut, but it can be much larger in older men. The prostate's job is to make some of the fluid that protects and nourishes sperm cells in semen, making the semen more liquid. Just behind the prostate are glands called seminal vesicles that make most of the fluid for semen. The urethra, which is the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body through the penis, goes through the center of the prostate American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-what-is-prostate-cancer
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Who is at risk? Age The chances of having prostate cancer rises rapidly after 50 2 out 0f 3 men over the age of 65 are found to have prostate cancer. Race/ethnicity Prostate cancer occurs more often among African American men More likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage African American men are 2-3 times more likely to die from prostate cancer than white men American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-what-is-prostate-cancer
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Who is at risk? Family History Having a father or brother with prostate cancer more than doubles a man’s risk of developing the disease Genes Recently studies have found some common genes variations have been linked to a higher risk of prostate cancer, however, gene testing for most genes changes is not yet avaialble Diet The exact role of diet in prostate cancer is not clear. American Cancer Society http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-what-is-prostate-cancer
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Who is at risk? Obesity Relationship unknown-no firm conclusions Smoking Relationship unknown-no firm conclusions Sexually Transmitted Infections Relationship unknown-no firm conclusions Vasectomy Men who have had a vasectomy before the age of 35 may have a slightly higher risk of developing prostate cancer
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Symptoms In the early stages there are usually no symptoms. In the more advanced stages-urinary frequency especially at night In the very advanced cases-blood in urine or impotence The symptoms can also be consistent with other conditions other than prostate cancer
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Screening for Prostate Cancer Screening should take place at age 50 for men with an average risk for prostate cancer and age 45 for men at high risk this includes African American men and men who have a first degree relative who had the disease at an earlier age. http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/ProstateCancer/DetailedGuide/prostate-cancer-detection
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Screening for Prostate Cancer Screening includes a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Men with a PSA less than 2.5 may only need to be retested every 2 years Men with a PSA greater than 2.5 should be tested yearly.
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Cervical Cancer Described by Papanicolaou in 1940’s Malignant transformation of cervical epithelial cells Begins in “Transformation Zone” “TZ” between original cervical canal glands & squamous cells lining the outer cervix “Squamocolumnar junction” or SCJ Invasive cervical cancer final stage in a series of abnormal changes in cervical cells
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Early detection by Pap smear testing decreases cervical cancer-related deaths
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Screening Initial pap test and pelvic exam: -when sexual activity begins or by age 18 -then repeat yearly Pap test may be performed less frequently in a low-risk woman at health care providers discretion after 3 or more consecutive, satisfactory annual exams with normal findings ACOG Recommendations
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Consider more frequent pap testing When Multiple sexual partners or partner’s hx multiple partners Sexual activity initiated at early age (
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Human Papilloma Virus 90% of Squamous lesions associated with HPV Type 16: most common 50% of moderate to severe SIL & cervical cancer AND in normal paps, therefore not specific
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Lung Cancer
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Lung Cancer Data Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. It is the most common cancer in men and women combined, after skin cancer. Lung cancer (both small cell and non-small cell) is by far the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women. More people die of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. Lung cancer is fairly rare in people under the age of 45. The average lifetime chance that a man will develop lung cancer is about 1 in 13. For a woman it is 1 in 16. These numbers include both smokers and non-smokers. For smokers the risk is much higher, while for non-smokers the risk is lower. http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/LungCancer-SmallCell/OverviewGuide/lung-cancer-small-cell-overview-what-causes
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Lung Cancer Data The American Cancer Society's most recent estimates for lung cancer (both small cell and non-small cell) in the United States are for 2012: About 226,160 new cases of lung cancer (both small cell and non-small cell) About 160,340 deaths from lung cancer
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Who is at Risk? Smoking is by far the leading risk factor causing 8 out 10 cases of lung cancer.
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Symptoms The most common symptoms of lung cancer are: A cough that does not go away or gets worse Chest pain, often made worse by deep breathing, coughing, or laughing Hoarseness Weight loss and loss of appetite Coughing up bloody or rust-colored sputum (spit or phlegm) Shortness of breath Feeling weak or tired Infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia that don’t go away or keep coming back New onset of wheezing http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/LungCancer-SmallCell/OverviewGuide/lung-cancer-small-cell-overview-diagnosed
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Screening Until recently, no lung cancer screening test had been shown to lower the risk of dying from this disease. Studies of 2 possible screening tests, chest x-ray and sputum cytology, did find that these tests detected lung cancers at an early stage, but neither test helped patients live longer. For this reason, major medical organizations have not recommended routine screening with these tests for the general public or even for people at increased risk, such as smokers. Recently, though, a different lung cancer screening test has been shown to help lower the risk of dying from this disease. http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/LungCancer-SmallCell/DetailedGuide/small-cell-lung-cancer-detection