Role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Reproductive Cancers

Role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Reproductive Cancers PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : The Role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Reproductive Cancers
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plays a significant role in causing reproductive cancers, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and anal cancers. Responsible for over 99% of cervical cancer cases, HPV is a leading public health challenge worldwide. This presentation delves into the mechanisms of HPV-induced cancer, the types of cancers it causes, and the measures to prevent and control its spread.
Vaccination is one of the most effective tools in combating HPV-related cancers. Vaccines like Gardasil and Cervarix provide protection against high-risk HPV types (e.g., HPV 16 and 18) and have significantly reduced the incidence of cervical precancers and genital warts in vaccinated populations. Early detection through Pap smears and HPV DNA testing is also crucial in identifying precancerous changes before they progress to cancer.
Barriers such as lack of awareness, vaccine hesitancy, and limited access to healthcare persist, especially in low-resource settings. This presentation highlights global success stories in HPV prevention, like Australia’s vaccination program, which demonstrates the potential to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem.
Empowering individuals through education, vaccination, and regular screening is key to reducing the burden of HPV-related cancers and saving lives.

Tags : HPV, reproductive cancers, cervical cancer, HPV vaccination, HPV screening, cancer prevention, HPV and cancer, gynecologic oncology, HPV risk factors

Published on : Dec 03, 2024 | Views : 107 | Downloads : 0

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Role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Reproductive Cancers Understanding HPV’s Impact on Cancer Development and Prevention Strategies Dr. Vineeta Bose Oncologist & Hematologist
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What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)? HPV is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) with over 200 types. Categorized into low-risk (causing warts) and high-risk (causing cancers) types. High-risk HPV types (e.g., 16 and 18) are responsible for most HPV-related cancers. Key role in cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Speaker Notes: Emphasize that HPV is extremely common and can remain asymptomatic. While most infections resolve on their own, persistent high-risk infections can lead to cancer. Reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). HPV and cancer fact sheet.
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HPV Transmission and Risk Factors Spread primarily through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Risk factors: Early age of sexual activity. Multiple sexual partners. Lack of vaccination. Weakened immune system. Speaker Notes: HPV is highly transmissible and often goes unnoticed due to lack of symptoms. Prevention measures, such as vaccination and protected sex, play a crucial role. Reference: WHO. (2020). Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer.
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HPV-Related Cancers Cervical Cancer: Over 99% of cervical cancer cases are linked to HPV. Types 16 and 18 cause ~70% of cases. Other Reproductive Cancers: Vaginal and vulvar cancers in women. Penile cancer in men. Other HPV-Associated Cancers: Anal cancer and oropharyngeal cancers in both genders. Speaker Notes: HPV’s role in cervical cancer is the most well-known, but its association with other cancers highlights the importance of universal vaccination and awareness. Reference: de Martel, C., Plummer, M., Vignat, J., & Franceschi, S. (2017). Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV. International Journal of Cancer.
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Mechanism of HPV-Induced Cancer HPV integrates its DNA into host cells. Produces oncogenic proteins (E6 and E7) that: Inactivate tumor suppressor genes (p53 and Rb). Promote uncontrolled cell growth. Leads to genetic instability and cancer development. Speaker Notes: HPV’s oncogenic mechanism revolves around disrupting the cell’s natural defenses, resulting in abnormal cell proliferation and cancer. Reference: Doorbar, J. (2006). Molecular biology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Clinical Science.
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HPV Vaccination Approved vaccines: Gardasil, Gardasil 9, Cervarix. Protect against high-risk HPV types 16, 18, and others. Recommended for: Girls and boys aged 9–26 years. Adults up to 45 years in specific cases. Proven to reduce the incidence of cervical and other HPV-related cancers. Speaker Notes: HPV vaccination is a major success story in cancer prevention, offering protection before exposure to the virus. Reference: Saslow, D., Andrews, K. S., Manassaram-Baptiste, D., et al. (2020). Human papillomavirus vaccination guidelines. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.
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Screening and Early Detection Cervical Cancer Screening: Pap smears to detect precancerous changes. HPV DNA testing to identify high-risk infections. Screening guidelines: Start at age 21 (Pap smear every 3 years). Add HPV co-testing at age 30 (every 5 years). Early detection significantly reduces mortality. Speaker Notes: Regular screening is essential for detecting and treating precancerous lesions early, preventing progression to cancer. Reference: American Cancer Society. (2021). Cervical cancer screening guidelines.
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Barriers to HPV Prevention Lack of awareness about HPV and its vaccines. Stigma surrounding sexually transmitted infections. Limited vaccine availability in low-resource settings. Vaccine hesitancy and misinformation. Speaker Notes: Overcoming these barriers requires public health campaigns, improved vaccine accessibility, and education to dispel myths. Reference: Gallagher, K. E., LaMontagne, D. S., & Watson-Jones, D. (2018). Status of HPV vaccine introduction and barriers to implementation. The Lancet Global Health.
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Success Stories in HPV Prevention Countries with high vaccine uptake (e.g., Australia) have seen: Significant declines in HPV infection rates. Reduction in cervical precancers and genital warts. Decreased cervical cancer incidence. WHO's goal: Eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem by 2030. Speaker Notes: Australia serves as a model for HPV prevention, showcasing the effectiveness of comprehensive vaccination programs. Reference: Garland, S. M., et al. (2016). Impact of HPV vaccination programs in Australia. Vaccine.
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Key Takeways HPV is a significant cause of reproductive cancers, especially cervical cancer. Vaccination and screening are powerful tools for prevention and early detection. Addressing barriers and promoting awareness are critical to reducing HPV-related cancer burden. Speaker Notes: Encourage the audience to advocate for HPV vaccination, regular screening, and public education to combat HPV-related cancers effectively.
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Thank You