Role of Biomarkers in Medical Oncology

Role of Biomarkers in Medical Oncology PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : The Role of Biomarkers in Medical Oncology
Biomarkers have transformed the landscape of medical oncology, paving the way for personalized cancer care. Defined as measurable biological indicators, biomarkers play a crucial role in diagnosing cancer, predicting outcomes, and tailoring treatments to individual patients. From genetic mutations to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), these tools are at the forefront of precision medicine.
This presentation delves into the diverse applications of biomarkers in oncology, including:
Diagnostic Biomarkers: Early detection of cancers like PSA for prostate cancer or CA-125 for ovarian cancer.
Predictive Biomarkers: Identifying patients likely to benefit from specific therapies, such as HER2 for breast cancer or PD-L1 for immunotherapy.
Prognostic Biomarkers: Providing insights into disease progression and survival probabilities, like the Oncotype DX test for breast cancer recurrence risk.
It also highlights emerging technologies, such as liquid biopsies and multi-omics approaches, which promise to make biomarker-driven cancer care more precise and accessible. Despite their potential, challenges such as cost and limited availability in low-resource settings persist.
Whether you’re a clinician, researcher, or student, this presentation offers a comprehensive guide to understanding how biomarkers are reshaping oncology, improving outcomes, and saving lives.

Tags : Biomarkers, Medical Oncology, Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, Predictive Biomarkers, Targeted Therapy, Immunotherapy, Liquid Biopsy, Cancer Treatment

Published on : Dec 03, 2024 | Views : 139 | Downloads : 0

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Role of Biomarkers in Medical Oncology Transforming Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Dr. Vineeta Bose Oncologist & Hematologist
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What Are Biomarkers? Definition: Biomarkers are measurable biological molecules that indicate normal or abnormal biological processes or responses to treatment. Examples in Oncology: Genetic mutations, proteins, hormones, or metabolites. Importance: Biomarkers play a critical role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. Speaker Notes: Biomarkers provide vital information about cancer at the molecular level, helping clinicians make informed decisions about patient care. Reference: National Cancer Institute. (2020). Biomarkers in Cancer Research. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov.
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Classification of Biomarkers Diagnostic Biomarkers: Help identify cancer (e.g., PSA for prostate cancer). Prognostic Biomarkers: Predict disease outcome (e.g., HER2 in breast cancer). Predictive Biomarkers: Indicate likely response to a specific treatment (e.g., PD-L1 for immunotherapy). Monitoring Biomarkers: Track disease progression or treatment response (e.g., CEA for colorectal cancer). Speaker Notes: Each type of biomarker serves a distinct purpose, guiding clinical decisions and personalizing patient care. Reference: Henry, N. L., & Hayes, D. F. (2012). Cancer biomarkers. Molecular Oncology, 6(2), 140-146.
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Biomarkers in Cancer Diagnosis CA-125 for ovarian cancer. Example 2: AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) for liver cancer. Example 3: PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) for prostate cancer. Advantages: Early detection, better treatment planning. Speaker Notes: Diagnostic biomarkers allow for early identification of cancers, improving outcomes through timely intervention. Reference: Bast, R. C., et al. (2001). CA 125: A biomarker for ovarian cancer detection and therapy monitoring. Cancer, 76(10), 2007-2017.
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Predictive Biomarkers HER2 in Breast Cancer: Determines eligibility for trastuzumab (Herceptin). EGFR in Lung Cancer: Indicates response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., erlotinib). PD-L1 Expression: Guides the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab). Speaker Notes: Predictive biomarkers guide personalized treatment by identifying patients most likely to benefit from specific therapies. Reference: Hirsch, F. R., et al. (2009). EGFR biomarkers in lung cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 6(7), 352-362.
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Biomarkers for Cancer Prognosis Oncotype DX Test: Determines recurrence risk in breast cancer and helps decide on chemotherapy use. BRAF Mutations in Melanoma: Linked to poor prognosis in the absence of targeted therapy. TP53 Mutations: Associated with aggressive cancer behavior. Speaker Notes: Prognostic biomarkers provide valuable insights into cancer progression and overall patient survival. Reference: Paik, S., et al. (2006). Multigene RT-PCR assay for predicting recurrence risk in breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 351(27), 2817-2826.
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Role in Immuno-Oncology PD-L1: Predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB): High TMB indicates better response to immunotherapy. Microsatellite Instability (MSI): High MSI suggests eligibility for pembrolizumab in colorectal cancer. Speaker Notes: Immunotherapy biomarkers are revolutionizing oncology by identifying patients who will respond to these breakthrough treatments. Reference: Topalian, S. L., et al. (2016). Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Nature Reviews Cancer, 16(5), 275-287.
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Emerging Biomarkers and Challenges Emerging Biomarkers: ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA) for non-invasive monitoring. Liquid biopsies for cancer detection. Challenges: Cost of biomarker testing. Limited availability in low-resource settings. Lack of biomarkers for some cancers. Speaker Notes: While advancements in biomarkers are exciting, challenges like accessibility and cost remain significant hurdles. Reference: Wan, J. C., et al. (2017). Liquid biopsies come of age: Towards implementation of circulating tumor DNA. Nature Reviews Cancer, 17(4), 223-238.
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Future of Biomarkers in Oncology Artificial Intelligence (AI) in biomarker discovery. Development of pan-cancer biomarkers. Integration of multi-omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) in biomarker research. Speaker Notes: The future of biomarkers lies in advanced technologies like AI and multi-omics, which promise to unlock new dimensions in cancer care. Reference: Hasin, Y., Seldin, M., & Lusis, A. (2017). Multi-omics approaches to disease. Genome Biology, 18(1), 83.
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Conclusion Biomarkers are pivotal in advancing precision oncology. They enhance early diagnosis, guide personalized treatments, and improve patient outcomes. Continued research and innovation will unlock their full potential. Speaker Notes: Biomarkers are the cornerstone of personalized oncology, transforming the way we diagnose and treat cancer.
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Thank You