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Robotics in surgery PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Robotic Surgery, which is titled "Robotics in surgery", to know about robotics in surgery.

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Published on : Jul 20, 2021 | Views : 3387 | Downloads : 23

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Slide 1-

Robotics in surgery Patrick A Finlay PhD CEng Director and Chief Technical Officer, Prosurgics Ltd
Slide 2-

History of Robotics 800BC Homer describes walking tripods 1921 The term "robot" invented by Karel Capek 1938 Mechanical arm for spray-painting. 1942 Isaac Asimov: Three Laws of Robotics. 1961 First commercial robot 1965 CMU creates Robotics Institute 1973 Wabot built at Waseda University Tokyo 1982 Int’l Advanced Robotics Programme 1986 First surgical robot
Slide 3-

Surgical Robotics: current status ~ 1200 surgical robots in regular clinical use worldwide. Surgical robotics globally worth ~ $2B Annual growth ~ 50% per annum Small number of specialist companies R&D in progress at over 100 universities world wide,
Slide 4-

Commercial surgical robotics Telemanipulators Image guided surgery Surgical Robotics MEDICAL ROBOTICS Non surgical
Slide 5-

The two branches of robotic surgery Telemanipulator (master-slave) Image guided (true robot)
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TelemanipulatorsMaster Slave systems
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Single arm telemanipulators endoscopic camera control
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Single arm camera holder EndoAssist, Prosurgics Ltd
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Position anywhere around the table Does not obstruct operation Entry port can be in any position Clinical benefits Single arm camera holder EndoAssist, Prosurgics Ltd
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Head movement control Pan,zoom or tilt the camera with a head gesture
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Miniaturised camera holder FreeHand, Prosurgics Ltd
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Miniaturised camera holder in use No obstruction of surgical access or screen sightline
Slide 13-

Multi arm telemanipulator Da Vinci Intuitive Surgical Inc
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Multi-arm telemanipulator Da Vinci, Intuitive Surgical Inc Motion scaling to micro-wrist
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Multi-arm telemanipulator Surgeon operates robot from a remote console
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Telesurgery Surgeon in New York Patient in Strasbourg Pictures from Computer Motion Inc
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Telesurgery applications
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Image Guided Robots Example: Neurosurgery
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Robotic neurosurgery
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1927 arteriography 2007 MR image Image-guided surgery
Slide 21-

Fusion of image modalities MRI Angiography CT
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Fused images and Brain Atlas
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The neurosurgeon’s quest how to reach the target I’ve pinpointed on the scan with the same accuracy that I can see it . . . . . . but with minimal collateral damage . . . . . .and simply, with a short procedure time . . . . . .and without costing a fortune
Slide 24-

Registration: key to accuracy
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Stereotactic frame
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Stereotactic frame targeting arc
Slide 27-

Fiducial markers
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Testing prior to surgery Skin Markers used as artificial targets for confirming accuracy
Slide 29-

Neurosurgery robot registration Camera and light ring camera in the robot’s wrist scans the patient computer matches camera and CT scans
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Sterile environment control
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Deep Brain stimulation
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Brain tumour biopsy Robot guided biopsy needle insertion. Multiple biopsies are possible along a single trajectory
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Epilepsy Robotic 3-D positioning of depth electrodes to determine focus of epileptic seizure
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Grid pattern tumour treatment Magnetic nanoparticles Modified virus Stem cells Interstitial radiotherapy Convection enhanced delivery New pharmaceuticals
Slide 35-

Image Guided SurgeryApplications outside Neurosurgery
Slide 36-

Early beginnings RoboDoc Femoral reaming ISS Inc
Slide 37-

IGS trajectory control Orthrobot Dynamic hip screw placement Armstrong Healthcare (now Prosurgics Ltd)
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IGS path control Machining of femur and tibia for total knee replacement CASPAR orthopaedic robot URS GmbH
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robot allows the surgeon to operate freely in the safe zone, but prevents entry elsewhere Picture from Imperial College London Active-constraint IGS Total knee replacement
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Photographs: Imperial College London Active constraint IGS Total knee replacement
Slide 41-

Surgical Robots:The next generation
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New generation surgical robotics Telemanipulators Image guided surgery Tactical Surgical Robotics MEDICAL ROBOTICS Strategic Surgical robots (Dual guidance) Micro mobile robots with autonomy Non surgical
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Miniaturisation Praxiteles Praxim SA SpineAssist Mazor Surgical Technologies Ltd powered and passive DoFs Pedicle screw guidance Parallel structure
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Probe tip tracking Ascension Technologies Inc Electromagnetic tracking
Slide 45-

Motion compensation Kinemedic DLR Low inertia, high payload, force control robot
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Real time imaging and modelling University of Verona
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New types of surgery “NOTES”: Natural orifice transgastric endoscopic surgery
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New types of surgery SCP Norway Vancouver Institute for Advanced Ceramics CAD CAM dental implant Custom hip implants
Slide 49-

Free-roaming camera (pre-robotic) Given Imaging, Israel swallowable camera 2 frames/s for 6 hours
Slide 50-

Crawling microrobots swallowable camera with 6-legged propulsion Roaming robot with camera and biopsy needle NOTES surgery of the abdomen University of Nebraska CMU/ Korean Intelligent μsystems centre
Slide 51-

Swimming microrobots Swimming robot Eyeball cavity, CSF, urinary system Autonomous Swimmer. Subarachnoid space of spine. Pushmepullyou swimmer Technion University Carnegie Mellon University
Slide 52-

Multi-segment snake arms 23 DoF holonomic snake arm Nuclear maintenance Tube crawling concertina snake Disaster rescue Experimental flexible endoscopic manipulator OC RoboticsLtd Johns Hopkins University Carnegie Mellon University
Slide 53-

Biomimetics Biomimetic lobster goal–achieving behaviour Artificial muscle actuators Wood wasp ovipositor Robot carp: serpentine motion Northeastern University MA Essex University
Slide 54-

Intelligence Evolutionary learning bipedal locomotion I-SWARM Co-operating robots 21 DoF fault tolerant snake arm for Space vehicles Kahlsruhe University (leader) NASA JSC Chalmers University
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A new safety paradigm New approach: “intrinsically safe design; control for performance” Old approach: “rigid design for accuracy; active control for safety” LE3 robot DLR
Slide 56-

“Dependability” Safety reliability maintainability Availability legibility – “the psychological ability of a user to understand what the robot is intending”
Slide 57-

Architecture Classical: “sense > plan > act” Deliberative (eg NASA): “reason > model > react” Subsumption (Brooks): behaviour based Hybrid: high level deliberator <> mediator <> low level reactive executive
Slide 58-

Intrinsically safe robot inertia Stanford University DM2 robot structure Duplicated actuators
Slide 59-

Future surgical robots: in summary Miniature Physiologically registered Sensuate Dependable Autonomous . . . and Ubiquitous NASA NEEMO
Slide 60-

New surgical robots will be SMALL, including intra-body. Intelligent and sensuate Semi- autonomous Ubiquitous in surgical procedures Today’s surgical robots are already Clinically beneficial Cost effective Improving patient outcomes Improving Safety Lowering Costs Enabling New procedures
Slide 61-

Robotics in surgery Patrick A Finlay PhD CEng Director and Chief Technical Officer, Prosurgics Ltd