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Ribosomal RNA PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Genetics, which is titled "Ribosomal RNA", to learn about Ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Tags : Genetics, Ribosomal RNA, rRNA

Published on : Aug 29, 2021 | Views : 1669 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Ribosomal RNA Phillips Huang BMS 265
Slide 2-

rRNA Nomenclature Named based on sedimentation rates, measured in Svedberg units (S) Larger sedimentation coefficients indicate faster sedimentation rates Larger rRNAs sediment faster
Slide 3-

rRNA Discovery First discovered in the 1930s as part of the microsome by Albert Claude Characterized as a ribosomal component in the 1950s by George Palade
Slide 4-

Large Ribosomal Subunit rRNA largely responsible for 3D structure Peptidyl transferase center (PTC) composed of rRNA A, P and E sites made up mainly of rRNA
Slide 5-

Small Ribosomal Subunit Atomic structure published in 2000 Decoding center composed entirely of rRNA
Slide 6-

rRNA Biogenesis in Eukaryotes In prokaryotes, rRNAs are also synthesized as one primary transcript
Slide 7-

Mechanism of action: Translation initiation in Prokaryotes Translation initiation in eukaryotes involves binding of ribosomal components first to the mRNA 5’ cap
Slide 8-

Mechanism of action: Translation elongation Residues of rRNA help to stabilize the mRNA:tRNA complex
Slide 9-

Peptide Bond Formation Involves nucleophilic attack of α-amino group of aminoacyl-tRNA on carbonyl carbon of peptidyl-tRNA Hypothesized transition state Target carbonyl carbon is protected from hydrolysis prior to reaction
Slide 10-

Mechanism of action: Translation termination
Slide 11-

rRNA as a Tool Phylogenetic studies rRNA sequences are highly conserved across species In vitro translation systems Used when overexpressed protein is toxic, rapidly degraded or insoluble in cells lancelets hagfish lamprey gnathostome
Slide 12-

Role in Human Disease Mutations in mitochondrial rRNA Susceptibility to aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss Changes to rRNA in cytoplasmic ribosomes Defective pseudouridylation and X-linked Dyskeratosis Congenita (X-DC)
Slide 13-

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About : Professor, College of Nursing and Health Sciences
Occupation : Medical Professional
Specialty : MD
Country : United States of America
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