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Remember the Structures of the Digestive System PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Digestive System, which is titled "Remember the structures of the digestive system", to know about the Structures of the digestive system.

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Published on : Jul 10, 2021 | Views : 1898 | Downloads : 2

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Remember the structures of the digestive system
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The process of changing complex solid foods into simpler soluble forms which can be absorbed by body cells. BOLUS – soft, pliable ball – created from chewing and addition of saliva – it slides down esophagus PERISTALSIS – wavelike motions, moves food along esophagus, stomach and intestines DIGESTION
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Structures of the digestive system Digestive system Also known as: Alimentary Canal Digestive Tract Gastrointestinal Tract Upper GI Lower GI Over 30’ in length from mouth to anus 3
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Primary structures Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestines Large intestines Accessory structures Tongue Teeth Salivary glands Pancreas Liver Gall bladder 2.07 Remember the structures of the digestive system 4 Structures of the digestive system
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Structures of the digestive system Mouth (buccal cavity) Tongue Teeth Salivary Glands Palate Uvula The physical breakdown of food begins here first…digestion begins in the mouth 5
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Structures of the digestive system Tongue Attached to floor of mouth Made of skeletal muscle attached to four bones Taste buds on the surface Sweet Sour Bitter Salty 6
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Structures of the digestive system Teeth Primary (deciduous) 20 “baby teeth” Secondary (permanent) 32 “adult teeth” Teeth and tongue aid in physical / mechanical digestion of food 7 Did you know??? Canine teeth are also known as cuspids and eye teeth.
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Structures of the digestive system Salivary glands Parotid gland Largest salivary gland Ptyalin in saliva converts starches to simple sugars causes the initial chemical breakdown. Submandibular gland Sublingual gland 2.07 Remember the structures of the digestive system 8
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Structures of the digestive system Palate – separates the mouth from the nasal cavity Hard Soft Uvula Flap of skin hanging in the back of the throat 2.07 Remember the structures of the digestive system 9
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Structures of the digestive system Pharynx (throat) Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharynx 2.07 Remember the structures of the digestive system 10
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Structures of the digestive system Esophagus Muscular tube, 10” long Connects the pharynx and stomach 11
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Structures of the digestive system Stomach Upper left quadrant of the of the abdominal cavity Fundus Body Pylorus 2.07 Remember the structures of the digestive system 12
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Cardiac sphincter - controls passage of food into stomach and keeps it from going back into the throat. PYLORIC SPHINCTER – valve, regulates the entrance of food into duodenum RUGAE – mucous coat lining of stomach in folds when the stomach is empty Stomach has muscular coat that allows it to contract (peristalsis) and push food into the small intestine 2 – 4 hours for stomach to empty
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Structures of the digestive system Small intestines – main function is absorption of NUTRIENTS Duodenum First segment 12’ long Jejunum Second segment 8’ long Ileum Third segment 10-12’ long 15
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Structures of the digestive system Large intestines Approximately 2” in diameter 5’ long Responsible for elimination of waste and absorption of water 16
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Functions of the digestive system Teeth Define mastication. How is the tooth’s shape related to its function? Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 17
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Accessory Organs of Digestion PANCREAS Located behind stomach Exocrine function – secretes digestive enzymes to break down food. Also has endocrine function. Feather shaped organ
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Functions of the digestive system Liver Produce and store glucose in the form of GLYCOGEN Detoxify alcohol, drugs and other harmful substances Manufacture blood proteins Manufactures bile Store Vitamins A, D and B complex Connects to gall bladder and small intestine by ducts 19
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Functions of the digestive system Gallbladder Small muscular green sac that secretes and stores bile Located in the right upper quadrant of abdominal cavity. When fatty foods digested, bile released by gallbladder 20
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Functions of the digestive system Large intestine CHYME – semi-liquid food and gastric juices Approx 2” in diameter Also called the colon CECUM – lower right portion of large intestine APPENDIX-blind sac attached to cecum, having no known function RECTUM – last portion of large intestine ANUS – external opening of the Lg. intestine 21
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Disorders of the digestive system Anorexia Decreased or poor appetite Symptom Anorexia nervosa Eating disorder characterized by refusal to eat Psychiatric disorder Bulimia nervosa (binge eating and purging) is a psychiatric disorder as well 22 VS Opposite disorder = obesity
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Obesity is one of the common eating disorders in the United States. A person is considered obese if their BMI (body mass index is above 30. How to calculate BMI:
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Disorders of the digestive system Caries Cavities How often should you brush and floss? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 24 Can you identify preventive measures?
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Disorders of the digestive system Cholecystitis Inflammation of the gall bladder Sx = pain that radiates to right shoulder…frequently after eating fatty foods How is it treated? - cholecystectomy Cholelithiasis – gall stones 25
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Disorders of the digestive system Cleft palate Hard and/or soft palate doesn’t close completely during fetal development Problems swallowing Surgery needed to repair 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 26
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Disorders of the digestive system Cirrhosis 27 Chronic, progressive disease of liver Normal tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue. 75% caused by excessive alcohol consumption (also caused by Tylenol use)
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Disorders of the digestive system Constipation When defecation delayed, feces become dry and hard Rx – diet with cereals, fruits, vegetables, (roughage), drinking plenty of fluids, exercise, and avoiding tension 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 28
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Disorders of the digestive disorders Diarrhea Loose, watery, frequent bowel movements when feces pass along colon too rapidly Caused by infection, poor diet, nervousness, toxic substances or irritants in food 29
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Disorders of the digestive disorders Gastroenteritis Inflammation of mucous membrane lining of stomach and intestine Common cause = virus Sxs – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea for 24-36 hours Complication = dehydration Prevention…good handwashing 30
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Disorders of the digestive system Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Reflux of gastric acid into the espohagus Sx – burning sensation that often worsens with laying flat…gets better with sitting up or raising head of bed 31
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Disorders of the digestive system Hepatitis Acute Chronic Hepatitis A (contaminated food or water borne), B (blood borne), C (blood borne), D, E 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 32 Which hepatitis virus has a vaccine?
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Disorders of the digestive system Irritable bowel syndrome Cause unknown Sx – abdmonial pain, bloating, diarrhea and constipation (alternating) Trt – lifestyle and diet changes, medication 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system 33
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Disorders of the digestive system Chron’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Autoimmune disorders Type of inflammatory bowel disease Sxs – abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, malnutrition
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Disorders of the digestive system Peptic ulcer - Sore or lesion that forms in the mucosal lining of the stomach Gastric ulcers in the stomach and duodenal ulcers in the duodenum Cause – H. pylori (bacteria) is primary cause Lifestyle factors that contribute: cigarette smoking, alcohol, stress, certain drugs 35
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Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system Vitamins Fat soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K Water soluble Vitamins C, B Proteins aid in wound healing Carbohydrates such as bread and pasta offer quick energy Electrolytes Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium 36