Pleural effusion Medical Presentation

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Published on : Mar 13, 2019 | Views : 5013 | Downloads : 29

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Slide 1-

Pleural effusion
Slide 2-

Pleural effusion Pleural effusion is a collection of abnormal amount of fluid in the pleural space. The pleural space normally contains only about 10-20 ml of serous fluid
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1 2 classification Transudative effusions Exudative effusions
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Transudative effusions Transudative effusions also known as hydrothoraces , occur primarily in noninflammatory conditions; is an accumulation of low-protein, low cell count fluid Cause of transudative effusion: Increase hydrostatic pressure found in heart failure ( most common cause of pleural effusion) Decrease oncotic pressure
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Exudative effusions Exudative effusions occur in an area of inflammation; is an accumulation of high-protein fluid. An exudative effusion results from increased capillary permeability characteristic of inflammatory reaction.
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Diagnostic Evaluation Chest X-ray or ultrasound detects presence of fluid. Most common radiographic sign is pleural meniscus Volume of fluid to produce pleural meniscus within costophrenic angle varies in individual
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Pleural effusion(lateral view) • Approx 100 mL of pleural fluid will cause appreciable blunting of the posterior costophrenic angle on the lateral view
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Pleural effusion(PA view) 200 mL will cause blunting of the lateral costophrenic angle on the PA projection in an upright patient
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Pleural effusion(lateral decubitus view) A lateral decubitus chest radiograph, with the side containing the pleural effusion placed down (dependent), demonstrate smaller amounts of free-flowing pleural effusions
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Sub-pulmonic pleural effusions Sub-pulmonic pleural effusions elevate the lung base • Mimics an elevated diaphragmatic leaflet • On the left side, a marked separation (>2 cm) of the lung from the stomach bubble suggests a subpulmonic effusion.