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Nutrition and Diet Therapy PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Child Nutrition, which is titled "Nutrition and Diet Therapy", to know about the classes of nutrients and their primary functions, recognize common characteristics of well-nourished people, and recognize symptoms of malnutrition.

Tags : Child Nutrition, Diet Therapy, classes, nutrients

Published on : Jul 07, 2021 | Views : 3975 | Downloads : 17

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Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Nutrition and Diet Therapy 8th Edition by Ruth Roth and Carolynn Townsend
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Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Nutrition and Diet Therapy PowerPoint Presentation Written by Susan L. Robson, MSN, RNP-c
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Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Section 1 Fundamentals of Nutrition
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Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 1 The Relationship of Food and Health
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 5 Objectives Name the six classes of nutrients and their primary functions Recognize common characteristics of well-nourished people Recognize symptoms of malnutrition
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 6 Objectives Describe ways in which food and health are related List the four basic steps in nutrition assessment
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 7 Nutrients Chemical substances necessary for life Functions Provide energy Build and repair tissue Regulate body processes
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 8 Nutrients Six classes Carbohydrates Fats (lipids) Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 9 Nutrients Organic Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon is found in all living things Example: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins Inorganic In simplest form when ingested Function: regulate body processes Example: water, minerals
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 10 Carbohydrates Provides major source of energy Examples: cereal grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and sugars
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 11 Fats (lipids) Provides energy Highest kilocalorie value Sources of fat: meats, milk, cream, butter, cheese, egg yolks, oils, nuts
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 12 Protein Builds and repairs body tissues Provides energy Only one of the six nutrients that contains nitrogen Sources of protein: meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, corn, grains, nuts, and seeds
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 13 Vitamins Organic compounds Regulate body processes Examples: vitamins A, B, C, D, E and K
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 14 Minerals Inorganic compounds Regulate body processes Examples: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, iron, magnesium, zinc
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 15 Water Major constituent of all living cells Composed of hydrogen and oxygen
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 16 The Six Essential Nutrients and Their Functions
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 17 Stop and Share A client is at home recovering from surgery. You ask the client what they have eaten over the past 24 hours. The client states the following: Breakfast: 2 doughnuts, orange juice Lunch: lettuce salad with oil & vinegar, soda Snack: pretzels, soda Dinner: spaghetti with tomato sauce, garlic bread; wine
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 18 Stop and Share Discuss the answers to the following questions: What nutrients are missing in the client’s diet? Why are these nutrients important for this client?
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 19 Stop and Share The client is missing protein and water in the diet. Protein is needed to build and repair body tissues after surgery. Water is needed to prevent dehydration.
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 20 Characteristics of Nutritional Status
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 21 Characteristics of Nutritional Status
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 22 Characteristics of Nutritional Status
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 23 Characteristics of Nutritional Status
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 24 Stop and Share Divide into groups of 2. Assess your partner for signs of good nutrition. Identify common characteristics associated with good nutrition exhibited in your partner.
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 25 Stop and Share Shiny hair Clear skin Clear eyes Erect posture Alert expressions Firm flesh on well-developed bone structures Pink gums and well-developed teeth Normal weight for height
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 26 Malnutrition Overnutrition Excess energy or nutrient intake Undernutrition Deficient energy or nutrient intake Overnutrition is a larger problem in the United States than undernutrition.
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 27 Stop and Share Identify at least 5 signs of malnutrition present in this child. Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Image Library
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 28 Stop and Share Poor quality hair Mottled complexion Dull expression Spindly arms and legs Bloated abdomen
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 29 Relation of Food to Health Cumulative Excess nutrients over time Examples: atherosclerosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease, some cancers Deficiencies Nutrients lacking for extended period Examples: iron deficiency, beriberi, scurvy, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, goiter
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 30 Deficiency Diseases Deficiency Disease Iron deficiency Iron-deficiency anemia Beriberi Night blindness Goiter Kwashiorkor Marasmus Nutrients Lacking Iron Iron Thiamin Vitamin A Iodine Protein All nutrients
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 31 Deficiency Diseases
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 32 Deficiency Diseases Deficiency Disease Pellagra Rickets Scurvy Xerophthalmia (blindness) Nutrients Lacking Niacin Calcium and vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin A
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 33 Nutritional Assessment Anthropometric measurements Clinical examination Biochemical tests Dietary/social history
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 34 Anthropometric Measurements Height Weight Head circumference (children) Upper arm measurement Skinfold
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 35 Anthropometric Measurements Height Weight
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 36 Anthropometric Measurements Head circumference Triceps skinfold
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 37 Clinical Examination
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 38 Clinical Examination
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 39 Clinical Examination
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 40 Clinical Examination
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 41 Biochemical Tests Serum albumin level Measures main protein in blood Determines protein status Serum transferrin level Indicates iron-carrying protein in blood  indicates iron stores low  indicates body lacks protein
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 42 Biochemical Tests Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) may indicate renal failure, insufficient renal blood supply, or blockage of the urinary tract Serum creatinine indicates amount of creatinine in blood used to evaluate renal function
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 43 Biochemical Tests Creatinine excretion indicates amount of creatinine excreted in urine over a 24-hour period used in estimating body muscle mass muscle mass depleted, as in malnutrition; level will be low
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 44 Biochemical Tests Other tests Hemoglobin (Hgb) Hematocrit (Hct) Red blood cells (RBCs) White blood cells (WBCs) Lipid profile (high & low-density lipoprotein, serum triglycerides) Urinalysis
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 45 Dietary/Social History Evaluation of food habits. 24-hour recall: Client interviewed by the dietitian and asked to give types, amounts, and preparation of all foods eaten in past 24 hours Food diary: written record of all food and drink ingested in a specified period Computer diet analysis to determine nutrient deficiencies or toxicities
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 46 Dietary/Social History Social history Consideration of financial resources to obtain needed food, and properly store and cook food Food-drug interactions that can lead to malnutrition
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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company 47 Conclusion Nutrition and health are directly related. Effects of poor nutrition are cumulative. There are six essential nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and water. Nutritional assessment is the best way to determine deficiencies that may result from lack of nutrients.