Download Free Medical Neuroplasticity-History Concepts and Machanisms PowerPoint Presentation

Neuroplasticity-History Concepts and Machanisms PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Neurology, which is titled "Neuroplasticity: History, Concepts, and Machanisms", to know about the History, Concepts, and Machanisms of Neuroplasticity.

Tags : Neurology, Neuroplasticity, History, Concepts, Machanisms

Published on : Aug 23, 2021 | Views : 1572 | Downloads : 11

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

ppt slide no 1 content not found
Slide 2-

The Question: How “plastic” is the brain?
Slide 3-

CNS (brain + spinal cord) 100-1000 billion nerve cells = neurons
Slide 4-

Synaptic Communication Chemical Neurotransmission
Slide 5-

ppt slide no 5 content not found
Slide 6-

What is “Neuroplasticity? The ability of the nervous system to undergo changes in its anatomical, chemical, and physiological/functional properties.
Slide 7-

1. History How plastic is the brain? Some historical considerations
Slide 8-

Romon y Cajal (1852-1934): Spanish neuroanatomist and founder of modern neuroscience research “Neuron Doctrine” discovered dendritic spines 1906 Nobel prize with Camillo Golgi
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

Cajal’s ambiguity regarding plasticity: “proliferative inability” “(after development)...growth and regeneration of axons and dendrites dried up irrevocably” “restorative plasticity”, i.e., some capacity for plastic reorganization after brain injury TINS 25:589 (2002)
Slide 11-

Donald O. Hebb (1904-1985) 1949
Slide 12-

Errors Training Days Home Rat Lab Rat
Slide 13-

Brain plasticity: Empirical evidence
Slide 14-

ppt slide no 14 content not found
Slide 15-

Motor & Somatosensory Visual Cortex Cortex Enrichment between 766-904 days of age (Diamond et al., Exp Neurol 87; 1985)
Slide 16-

Brain Structure Rearing Cortex Thickness &Weight ER > SR > IR Corpus Callosum Thickness ER > SR > IR Neuron Size ER > SR > IR Dendrite Length ER > SR > IR Synapses/Neuron ER > SR > IR Neurotransmitters ER > SR > IR (e.g. Acetylcholine) Adult Neurogenesis ER > SR > IR Behavior Rearing Perception (e.g.,vision) ER > SR > IR Cognition (learning/memory) ER > SR > IR Recovery from brain injury ER > SR > IR
Slide 17-

Summary: Research initiated in the 1960’s provided clear evidence for structural brain plasticity. The brain responds to where we live and what we do. The ability of the brain to change is reduced, but not lost in advanced age!
Slide 18-

2. Concepts A theory of brain plasticity
Slide 19-

LIGHT D.O. Hebb plasticity is - use dependent - coincident-dependent
Slide 20-

Neuron A Neuron B Synaptic strengthening Synaptic weakening
Slide 21-

3. Mechanisms Example of neuroplasticity in action
Slide 22-

Stimulus: Brain Response: or
Slide 23-

(images modified from Bavelier et al. TICS 10, 2006) Audition
Slide 24-

Blind Sighted (from Sadato, The Neuroscientist 11, 2005)
Slide 25-

Plasticity and skill acquisition
Slide 26-

Enlargement of: Auditory cortex Hand representation in motor cortex Corpus callosum Cerebellum (from Muente et al, Nat Rev Neurosci 3, 2002)
Slide 27-

Anatomical Changes Years of Musical Training (adapted from Jaencke et al, Brain & Cognition 34, 1997) 2 4 6 8 10 13 Short Training = Small Difference Long Training = Larger Difference
Slide 28-

The fully developed human brain retains a high degree of plasticity: in response to sensory loss training/learning, skill acquisition The plasticity potential can be harnessed in order to allow injured brains to recovery, and to optimize the recovery process
Slide 29-

4. Plasticity & the Damaged Brain
Slide 30-

Right hemisphere damage in M1 -> left hand impaired Move right hand -> focused activation in left sensorimotor cortex Move left hand -> widespread activation of both hemispheres => Other brain areas start to participate in control of affected limb (Feydy et al, Stroke 33, 2002)
Slide 31-

ppt slide no 31 content not found
Slide 32-

X Damage Recovery by Neuroplasticity
Slide 33-

Optimal Conditions to Promote Brain Plasticity & Recovery
Slide 34-

Lesion Size Damage Damage + “Therapy” Behavioural Performance Damage Damage + “Therapy”
Slide 35-

Factors that promote brain plasticity: time - therapeutic intervention motivation, reward - engagement, interest sleep - age (younger) pharmacology - others…. Recovery Time from Brain Damage (Months) 2 4 6 12 24 36
Slide 36-

Summary: Some Milestone in the History of Neurplasticity 1. Initial doubts regarding the ability of the adult nervous system to show plastic changes (early 1900’s) 2. Hebb establishes theoretical basis for experience-dependent brain plasticity (1930-40’s) 3. First empirical support for brain plasticity (1960’s) 4. Detailed analyses of cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms mediating brain plasticity (1970’s-present) 5. Information regarding brain plasticity incorporated into applied settings (child development, eduction, medicine, rehabilitation, successful aging, etc.).
Slide 37-

Supported by: Thank You Very Much!