Download Free Medical Modes of Ventilation PowerPoint Presentation

Modes of Ventilation PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Modes of Ventilation" by Prof. Ravi Kant.

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about ventilation, the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. There are several modes of ventilation that can be used to support breathing in patients who are unable to breathe effectively on their own. Some of the most common modes of ventilation include Assist-Control (AC) Mode, Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) Mode, Pressure Support (PS) Mode, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Mode, and Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) Mode.

Tags : Modes of Ventilation, ventilation, Assist-Control (AC) Mode, Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) Mode, Pressure Support (PS) Mode, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Mode, Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) Mode.

Published on : Mar 31, 2023 | Views : 1353 | Downloads : 2

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Modes of Ventilation
Slide 2-

To be able to demonstrate essential knowledge of the care and management of the patient requiring mechanical ventilation Aims
Slide 3-

Explore the indications and contra-indications Overview of the modes of ventilation Be familiar with normal parameters of ventilation Discuss the indications for weaning and extubation Objectives
Slide 4-

Respiratory Failure Cardiopulmonary arrest Trauma Events Cardiovascular impairment Neurological impairment Pulmonary impairment Procedures requiring sedation/paralysis Indications
Slide 5-

Goals Treat hypoxemia/hypercapnia Relieve respiratory distress/reverse fatigue Decrease Myocardial O2 demand Prevention or reversal of atelectasis Breath for the sedated/paralysed patient Stabilise the chest wall
Slide 6-

Risks outweigh benefits, for example Neutropenia Non-invasive deemed preferable to invasive ventilation Invasive ventilation considered medically futile Contrary to the expressed wishes of the patient Contra-Indications
Slide 7-

Ventilation
Slide 8-

A machine that generates a controlled flow of blended air and oxygen into a patient’s airway. Ventilators
Slide 9-

Two categories Volume or Pressure This refers to the mode of breath delivery rather than the mode itself Ventilation
Slide 10-

In volume category modes of ventilation the machine generates flow to achieve a set volume known as TIDAL VOLUME Volume
Slide 11-

Tidal Volume VT Definition – ‘the volume of air that is inspired or expired in a single breath during regular breathing’
Slide 12-

Volume Modes Advantages Guaranteed Minute Ventilation (Mv). Disadvantages Increased monitoring of airway pressures. Airway pressures will increase if lung compliance decreases. Risk of barotrauma.
Slide 13-

Minute Ventilation MV Definition – ‘the total volume of gas in litres expelled from the lungs per minute’
Slide 14-

In pressure modes of ventilation a pressure limit is set, the machine generates flow until the peak pressure limit is achieved- PAP or PIP Peak Airway (inspiratory) Pressures Pressure
Slide 15-

Peak Airway (Inspiratory) Pressures Pip Pap Ppeak Definition – ‘is the highest level of pressure applied to the lungs during inhalation expressed in cmh2o’
Slide 16-

Pressure Modes Advantages Greater control of airway pressure. Less risk of barotrauma. Disadvantages No guaranteed minute ventilation. Increased monitoring of VT required. Rapid changes in the compliance can cause hypoventilation/hypoxia.
Slide 17-

FLOW TRIGGER - a breath is generated when the patient’s respiratory effort causes flow to reach a set level. PRESSURE TRIGGER - a breath is generated by measuring pressure and starting assisted ventilation when pressure reaches a given level. TIME TRIGGER - a breath is generated by measuring frequency of respirations and starting ventilation when respirations frequency is at a given. Inspiration
Slide 18-

TIME CYCLED - such in in pressure controlled ventilation FLOW CYCLED - such as in pressure support VOLUME CYCLED - the ventilator cycles to expiration once a set tidal volume has been delivered: this occurs in volume controlled ventilation. Expiration
Slide 19-

Mandatory Modes of Ventilation
Slide 20-

Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation IPPV
Slide 21-

IPPV Set: TV, rate, Fi02, PEEP, No capacity for the patient to trigger a breath Uncomfortable if patient not fully sedated &/ paralysed Suitable only for patients who have no ability to breathe spontaneously
Slide 22-

Mandatory Assist Modes of Ventilation
Slide 23-

SIMV Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Slide 24-

Provides a set TIDAL VOLUME at a set RATE (F) Patient can breathe in-between mandatory ventilation Spontaneous breaths are supported with pressure support Ventilator synchronises mandatory breaths and spontaneous breaths for increased patient comfort NB Usually volume targeted but some machines offer SIMV(pc) SIMV
Slide 25-

ppt slide no 25 content not found
Slide 26-

SIMV Advantages Guaranteed Minute Ventilation Disadvantages Increased monitoring of airway pressures. Airway pressures will increase if lung compliance decreases. Risk of barotrauma.
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure BiPAP
Slide 29-

Provides a set P-insp at a set RATE (F) Patient can breathe in-between mandatory ventilation Spontaneous breaths are supported with pressure support Pt can breathe at any point of respiratory cycle, not just between breaths Breathing takes between two levels Pinsp and PEEP BiPAP
Slide 30-

ppt slide no 30 content not found
Slide 31-

BiPAP Advantages Increased patient comfort Can limit high airway pressures Reduce risk of barotrauma Disadvantages No guaranteed Minute Ventilation Increased monitoring of Tidal Volumes Patient may hypo-ventilate and become hypoxic if lung compliance changes suddenly
Slide 32-

ppt slide no 32 content not found
Slide 33-

Spontaneous Modes of Ventilation
Slide 34-

Spontaneous Modes of Ventilation Spontaneous modes are- Triggered Cycled -By the patient
Slide 35-

The patient triggers the ventilator and receives a supported breath at a pre-set pressure. This helps overcome the increased work of breathing or resistance of breathing through an endotracheal tube. Pressure Support or ASB
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

Complications of invasive ventilation Airway: Aspiration pneumonia Trauma to trachea during intubation Hypoxia prior to / during intubation Laryngeal oedema Occlusion of blood supply to trachea (if cuff pressures to high) Sinus infection
Slide 38-

Complications of invasive ventilation Mechanical: Ventilator malfunction. Ventilator circuit: occlusion, kinks, bronchospasm, disconnection & biting. Barotrauma / Volutrauma can rupture alveoli, causing pneumothorax.
Slide 39-

Complications of invasive ventilation Decreased cardiac output: Induction agents Changes intrathoracic pressure & reduces venous return Cardiac output falls, BP drops CVP and LV preload rise This has implications for the perfusion of all vital organs: brain, kidneys, GI tract
Slide 40-

Complications
Slide 41-

PEEP Maintains pressure within the breathing circuit at a pre-set level at the end of expiration When used during spontaneous respiration it is called CPAP A degree of PEEP should be applied on all ventilation modes to minimise risk of atelectasis
Slide 42-

Other settings to consider:
Slide 43-

Inspiration time : Expiration time I:E ratio is 1:2 Can be reversed – 1:1 or less: 2:1 Some machines automatically alter I:E ratios when the set resp rate is altered.
Slide 44-

Reversing the I:E Ratio Disadvantages Air trapping from increased intrathoracic pressure Hypercarbia ( Î C02) Breath stacking Extreme discomfort for the pt Reduction in cardiac return Advantages Advantages or reversing the I:E ratio: Alveolar recruitment Reduced alveolar collapse due to shorter expiratory times Increased mean airway pressure without increasing PAP