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Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)” by Jim Messina, Ph.D., CCMHC, NCC, DCMHS-T.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), a structured program that teaches mindfulness meditation as a tool to reduce stress, anxiety, and other emotional and physical problems. The program was developed in the late 1970s by Jon Kabat-Zinn, a professor of medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School.

The MBSR program typically consists of eight weekly group sessions, each lasting two and a half to three hours, and one day-long retreat. Participants learn different forms of mindfulness meditation, including body scan meditation, sitting meditation, and walking meditation, as well as other mindfulness techniques, such as mindful breathing and mindful communication.

Through regular practice, MBSR aims to help individuals develop greater awareness of their thoughts, emotions, and bodily sensations, and learn how to respond to stressful situations with greater clarity, calmness, and compassion. Research has shown that MBSR can be effective in reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as improving overall well-being and quality of life.

MBSR has been adapted for use in a variety of settings, including healthcare, education, and the workplace, and is now widely recognized as an evidence-based approach to reducing stress and promoting mental health.

Tags : Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction, MBSR, mindfulness meditation, Alternative Medicine, complementary medicine, integrative medicine, holistic medicine, natural medicine, unorthodox medicine, fringe medicine, Alternative Medicine PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 07, 2023 | Views : 934 | Downloads : 1

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Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction(MBSR) Jim Messina, Ph.D., CCMHC, NCC, DCMHS-T Lecturer in CMHC Program, Troy University, Tampa Bay Site
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BackGround on MBSR
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What is Mindfulness? The practice of mindfulness involves: learning (or perhaps more accurately re-learning) how to be present and aware in a given moment Teaching ourselves to be more Aware: to direct focus of attention to something like our body, our mind, or something in the environment Present: being in this place and moment, right here, right now Focused: more able to be able to choose and control where we place our attention Mindfulness is a “skill” that can be learned and can improve with practice It promotes better patience, compassion, kindness toward ourselves and others
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Research on Mindfulness
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Mindfulness Research Mindfulness helps us to tap into the present moment – for relaxation and reduction of stress in any situation: at home, at the office or school, while driving, and while shopping Mindfulness has been found to reduce opioid cue-reactivity while restructuring natural reward processing and provides preliminary support for the hypothesis that behavioral interventions may ameliorate craving by enhancing reward responsiveness (Garland, Froeliger, & Howard, 2014). Mindfulness has been shown to be both feasible and efficacious as a treatment for co-occurring prescription opioid misuse and chronic pain (Garland, Manusov, Froeliger, Kelly, Williams & Howard, 2014). Providing training and promoting mindfulness as an effective factor for the treatment and reduction of detrimental impacts of addiction can be a major step toward treatment of dependency on drugs and its individual and social impacts. Through providing adequate trainings to patients, the addiction intensifying factors can be harnessed, preventive measures can be strengthened, and the forthcoming detrimental outcomes can be prevented (Imani, Vahid, Gharraee, Noroozi, Habibi & Bowen, 2016).
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Findings on Impact of MBSR in His Own Words In his book Full Catastrophe Living, Jon Kabat-Zinn reports: “By the end of eight weeks, when the program comes to an end Their smiles and more relaxed bodies are evident to even the most casual observer. Although they were originally referred to the clinic to learn how to relax and to cope better with their stress, it is apparent that they have learned a lot more than that. Our outcome studies over many years, as well as participants’ anecdotal reports, show that they often leave with fewer and less severe physical symptoms and with greater self-confidence, optimism, and assertiveness. They are more patient with and more accepting of themselves and their limitations and disabilities. They are more confident about their ability to handle physical and emotional pain, as well as the other forces in their lives. They are also less anxious, less depressed, and less angry. They feel more in control, even in very stressful situations that previously would have sent them spinning out of control. In a word, they are handling “the full catastrophe” of their lives, the entire range of life experience, including impending death in some cases, much more skillfully (Kabat-Zinn, 1990. 2013).”
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Research on MBSR
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Earliest Research on MBSR The earliest available research in MBSR demonstrated that MBSR: May help a broad range of individuals to cope with their clinical and nonclinical problems in a metanalysis of 20 studies from previous 2 decades (Grossman, Niemann, Schmidt & Walach, 2004). Was found to help clients increase their mindfulness, and wellbeing and decrease their stress and symptoms (Carmody & Baerm 2007). Was found to reduce ruminative thinking and trait anxiety, as well as to increase empathy and self-compassion for individuals who came for help to address handling stress in their lives (Chisea & Serretti, 2009). Was found to assist clients with social anxiety disorder to have improvement in anxiety and depression symptoms and self-esteem as well as reducing emotional reactivity while enhancing emotional regulation (Golden & Gross, 2010). Was found to assistclients to experience reduction of symptoms of stress and mood disturbance as well as in mindfulness, spirituality and self-compassion (Birnie, Speca & Carlson, 2010).
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Early Research on MBSR Effectiveness Research in MBSR demonstrated that MBSR: Has the potential for improving overall well-being, quality of life and enhanced health outcomes for its participants in it group therapy format (Merkes, 2010). Was the most popular of all interventions utilizing mindfulness and that it shows substantial benefit for patients who suffer with chronic health conditions (Carlson, 2012). Result in positive signs of healthy signs of measures of growth in greater emotional regulation (Haslam, Wirth & Robb, 2017). Results in changes in perceived stress, distress tolerance, and mood states from pre- to post-MBSR meaning the people who had lower stress tolerance before participating in MBSR groups were more likely to experience greater benefits than those who had higher tolerance of stress before participation in such groups (Gawrysiak, et al., 2016). Results in significant improvements in the four components of Psychological Capital (Hope, Self-Efficacy, Resilience and Optimism) and a reduction in depression and anxiety (Jain & Singh, 2016). Has stress-reducing effects due to improvements in perseverative cognition and emotion regulation, two “transdiagnostic” mental processes that cut across stress-related disorders (Greeson, et al., 2018).
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Research on MBSR in relation to Pain A 2011 Systematic review of the literature found that studies up to that date showed that Mindfulness Based Interventions could have nonspecific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain as well as some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain such as coping with pain following mindfulness based interventions (Chiesa & Serretti, 2011). In a 2017 meta-analysis of 38 studies found that mindfulness meditation was associated with decrease in pain, reduction of depressive symptoms and increase in quality of life (Hilton, et al., 2017). Analyses of the mechanisms impacted by Mindfulness meditation demonstrated its effectiveness in Reducing pain through multiple unique physiological mechanisms (Zeiden & Vago, 2016) Reduction of emotional reactivity, depression and stress (Brown & Becerra, 2017) Improved general mental health in patients with tension headaches (Omidi & Zarger, 2015).
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More Research on MBSR use for Pain Strong encouragement has been made to utilize MBSR with patients with chronic pain because it focuses not only on the mind but also the body (Merkes, 2010). MBSR has the potential to address some of the psychosocial factors that are important predictors of poor outcomes (Cherkin, et al., 2014). In a brief 5-week format of MBSR participants demonstrated improvements of increased acceptance through decreased judgment; enhanced observational skills and decreased social isolation resulting in improve psychological health (Bergen-Cico, Possemento & Cheon, 2013). MBSR was found to contribute positively to pain management by lowering anxiety and depression, feelings of controlling pain and acceptance of higher pain which are important dimensions in patients with long-lasting chronic pain (la Cour & Petersen, 2015). Using MBSR resulted in patients revealing significant and clinically relevant improvements in level of pain disability, psychological distress, engagement in life activities, willingness to experience pain and subjective ratings of their current pain (Beaulac & Bailly, 2015).
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More Research on MBSR use for Pain Measures of catastrophizing, self-efficacy, acceptance, and mindfulness, and similar effects showed improvement on these measures among individuals with chronic low back pain once they received MBSR (Turner, et al., 2016). MBSR was found to improve the quality of life for veterans who suffered psychoimmunological factors of lungs damaged from the toxic chemical in the war zone (Arefuasab, et al., 2016). Use of MBSR with women with chronic pelvic pain has shown promise in pain reduction (Crisp, Hastings-Tolsma & Jonscher, 2016). Use of MBSR with chronic low pain demonstrated through the measurement of increase in quality of life and decrease in pain severity (Ardito, et al., 2017). MBSR was used with patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy resulting in reduced pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, depression, perceived stress and improved health related quality of life (Nathan, et al., 2017). Clinical MBSR therapy program intervention improved affective pain, sensory pain and evaluative pain for individual detoxifying from substance abuse (Hosseni, 2017). Pain catastrophizing and psychological distress were identified as individual mediators of the relationship between mindfulness and depressive symptoms for people with chronic pain (Brooks, et al., 2018).
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MBSR’s Application with Various Populations Academic health care workers were found to have sustained improved stress management, wellbeing & daily spiritual experiences (Geary & Rosenthal, 2011). Participants related to their experience in MBSR by developing an “observing self” with improvement of emotional health (Kerr, Josyula & Littenberg, 2011). Residents living in a large urban community experienced significant reduction of distress as well as increase in awareness of everyday life (Evans, Ferrando, Carr & Haglin, 2011). MBSR decreases symptoms of PTSD and depressive symptoms and reduction of anxious attachment with female survivors of interpersonal violence (Kelly & Garland, 2016). MBSR used with partners resulted in improved relational health among romantic partners (Khaddouma, Gordon & Strand, 2017). MBSR helped improve levels of anxiety, depression, emotional reactivity and impulsivity with homeless participants (Maddock, Hevey & Eidemeuller, 2017). MBSR helped college students reduced depression, anxiety, stress and anxiety sensitivity through use of a MBSR Bibliotherapy model (Hazlett-Stevens & Oren, 2017). MBSR was successful with college students suffering from perfectionism by increasing self-compassion, reducing impairment and increase in mindfulness practices (James & Rimes, 2018)
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MBSR in the Design Mix of Non-Medication Treatment of Pain A systematic meta-analysis of 42 studies in behavioral non-medication intervention (Including Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) with patients with chronic low back pain (LBP), it was found that behavioral therapy approaches are: Effective particularly in altering pain perception and helping patients to regain their functionality. Treatment outcomes can be improved if the treatments are personalized to individual patients’ needs. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation needs to include more than just physical treatment. A team approach accounting for several aspects within the bio-psychosocial model is more likely to help individuals with chronic LBP compared to standard care alone (Vitoula, et al. 2017).
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Ideal Model of Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Pain In 2018 in an article in the Journal of Family Practice a report on a meta-analytic review of 42 articles on non-medication pain management the concluded that a pain management plan needs to include the following non-medication modalities recommendations: Self-care goals Exercise or movement-based treatments (e.g. Therapeutic exercise, yoga, tai chi) Mind-body treatment (e.g. Mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback) Complementary modalities (e.g. Physical therapy, osteopathic manipulative treatment, chiropractic, massage) (Lemmon & Hampton, 2018) https://www.mdedge.com/jfponline/article/170928/pain/nonpharmacologic-treatment-chronic-pain-what-works
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Summary of Findings on MBSR It is clear that MBSR has been shown to be an effective intervention to use with clients and patients who are dealing with stress not only from medical and psychological conditions but also from natural environmental factors. It would serve mental health professionals well to utilize the MBSR model in treating their clients who have come in seeking help to alleviate their current levels of stress and or who are suffering from chronic pain.
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8 Week MBSR Program
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Weekly Components of MBSR Program Start off with Chair Yoga (since it accommodates for participants with pain issues) Use of Metaphor as Motivational Stimuli for participants Review of the Participants’ Weekly Progress Reports of Formal MBSR Practice and Informal Handling of various stimuli Practice of the assigned MBSR technique for the Week Review of participants response to this Formal MBSR Technique Experience NOTE: All links for Chair Yoga, Weekly Metaphors as well as handouts used and the weekly progress forms are available at: http://coping.us/mindfulnessneurobiology/mbsrstressmanagement.html
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Chair Yoga Components Providers have the freedom to choose the available chair yoga YouTubes in whichever order which seem appropriate for their participants Mindful Chair Yoga: A Brief 15 Minute Beginner's Practice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6BxZep0w44&t=43s Mindful Chair Yoga: A Complete Beginner's Practice (40 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=barPap-8vnw Mindful Chair Yoga: A 45 Minute Practice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edZXrdcz0-w Mindful Chair Yoga: A Practice for the Legs (30 min): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_hp2xgdt3Y&list=PLN2MXztFqfFV9RiFyu0dL4qA0wKaCY8hB Mindful Chair Yoga (30 min) Cultivating a Healthy Relationship with Thoughts and Feelings: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4CTG2f0hRk Mindful Chair Yoga (45 min) Cultivating a Healthy Relationship with Thoughts and Feelings: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2e3B_Z8mA0 Mindful Chair Yoga: A Playful Practice (20 min): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WBAc7uAoWU&t=88s Mindful Chair Yoga: A 45 Minute Practice: Through Playfulness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JD4WzEBCGpA
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Motivational Metaphors in MBSR Program Week 1: The Missing Piece by Shel Silverstein Week 2: The Little Engine that Could by Watty Piper and George Hauman Week 3: The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein Week 4: The Precious Present by Spencer Johnson Week 5: The Missing Piece Meets the Big 0 by Shel Silverstein Week 6: Who Moved My Cheese by Spencer Johnson Week 7: Our Iceberg is Melting by John Kotter & Holger Rathgeber NOTE: There are YouTube videos selected for the first six metaphors and the links are on the website and for Week 7 a PowerPoint on Our Iceberg is Melting is available. Also there are worksheets to be filled out in the weekly sessions once the Metaphor Story is presented to the participants
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JKZ Series 1, 2 & 3 MBSR Exercises JKZ Series 1: Practices Body Scan Meditation (45 min) Mindful Yoga 1-Lying Down (45 min) Sitting Meditation (40 min) Mindful Yoga 2-Standing (45 min) JKZ Series 2: Practices 1, 2, 3 Sitting Meditations (10, 20 & 30 min) 4, 5, 6 Lying Down Meditations (10, 20 & 30 min) 7 Mountain Meditation (20 min) 8 Lake Meditation (20 min) 9 Silence with bells (customized) JKZ Series 3: Practices Breathscape (20 min) Bodyscape (20 min) Breathscape/Bodyscape (20 min) Soundscape (27 min) Mindscape (20 min) Dying Before You Die (30 min) Choiceless Awareness (30 min) Walking Meditation (10 min) Lovingkindness/Heartscape (47 min) In Everyday Life/Lifescape (12 min) Silence with bells (customized)
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Weekly MBSR Exercise Practiced in Session Week 1: Body Scan Meditation (45 min) on JKZ Series 1 Week 2: Sitting Meditation (40 min) on JKZ Series 1 Week 3: Mindful Chair Yoga (40 min video): Mindful Chair Yoga: A Complete Beginner's Practice. Also use Sitting Meditation (10 min) on JKZ Series 2 Week 4: Mindful Chair Yoga (45 min video) Cultivating a Healthy Relationship with Thoughts and Feelings. Also use Sitting Meditation (20 min) on JKZ Series 2 Week 5: Sitting Meditation (30 min) on JKZ Series 2 and Breathscape (20 min) on JKZ Series 3 Week 6: Mountain Meditation (20 min) On JKZ Series 2 and Bodyscape (20 min) on JKZ Series 3 Week 7: Lake Mediation (20 min) on JKZ Series 2 and Soundscape (27 min) on JKZ Series 3 Week 8: Mindscape (20 min) & Lovingkindess/Heartscape (47 min) on JKZ Series 3
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Materials Needed for MBSR Program
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Additional Materials Available On MBSR link on Coping.us Weekly Formal and Informal Progress Sheets YouTube Videos for Weekly Chair Yoga Videos YouTube Videos for Weekly Metaphors Weekly Handouts for use with Metaphors Weekly Handouts related to MBSR Exercises Handouts for the Raisin and 3 Dot Exercises Participant Evaluation Forms Mandala Handouts for Participants having problems meditating with eyes closed Review at: http://coping.us/mindfulnessneurobiology/mbsrstressmanagement.html
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References
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References MBSR Ardito, R.B., Pirro, P.S., Re, T.S., Bonapace, I., Bruno, E. & Gianotti, L. (2017). Mindfulness-based stress reduction program on chronic low-back pain: A study investigating the impact on endocrine, physical, and psychologic functioning. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23(8), 615-623. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0423 Arefnasab, Z., Babamahmoodi, A., Babamahmoodi, F., Noorbala, A.A., Alipour, A., Panahi, Y,, Shams, J., Rad, F.R,m Khaze, V, and Ghanei, M. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and its effects on psychoimmunological factors of chemically pulmonary injured veterans. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 15(6), 476-486. Beaulac, J. & Bailly, M. (2015). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: Pilot study of a treatment group for patients with chronic pain in a primary care setting. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 16(4), 424-428. DOI: 10.1017/S1463423614000346 Bergen-Cico, D., Possemento, K. & Cheon, S. (2013). Examining the efficacy of a brief mindfulness-based stress reduction (Brief MBSR) program on general health. Journal of American College Health 41(6), 348-360. Birnie, K., Speca, M. & Carlson, L.E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health 2010. DOI: 10.1002/smi.1305 Bishop, S.R. (2002). What do we really know about Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction? Psychosomatic Medicine 6,:71–84. 0033-3174/02/6401-0071 Brooks, J.M. Blake, J., Iwanaga, K., Chin, C., Colton, B.P., Morrison, B., Deiches, J. & Chan, F. (2018). Perceived mindfulness and depressive symptoms among people with chronic pain. Journal of Rehabilitation 84 (2), 33-39. Brown, A. & Becerra, R, (2017), Mindfulness for neuropathic pain: A case study. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 17(1),19-37 Carlson, L.E. (2012). Mindfulness-based interventions for physical conditions: A narrative review evaluating levels of evidence. International Scholarly Research Network, 2012, ID 651583, 21 pps. doi:10.5402/2012/651583 Carmody, J. & Baer, R.A. (2007). Relationships between mindfulness practices and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31,
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Chiesa, A. & Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(5), 593-600. DOI: 10.1089=acm.2008.0495 Chiesa, A. & Serretti, A. (2011). Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain: A systematic review of the evidence. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(1), 83-89. Crisp, C.D., Hastings-Tolsma, M. & Jonscher, K.R. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for military women with chronic pelvic pain: A feasibility study. Military Medicine, 181(9), 982-989. Evans, S., Ferrando, S., Carr, C. & Haglin, D. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and distress in a community-based sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18, 553-558. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.727 Gawrysiak, M.J., Leong, S.H., Grassetti, S.N., Wai, m., Shorey, R.C. & Baime, M.J. (2016). Dimensions of distress tolerance and the moderating effects on mindfulness-based stress reduction, Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 29(5), 552-560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2015.1085513 Geary, C. & Rosenthal, S.L. (2011). Sustained impact of MBSR on stress, well-being and daily spiritual experiences for 1 year in academic health care employees. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(10), 939-944, DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0335 Golden, P.R. & Gross, J.J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion,10(1), 83-91. DOI: 10.1037/a0018441 Golden, P.R., Morrison, A.S. Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R.G. & Gross, J.J. (2017). Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive appraisal and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 97 1e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.001 Gotink, R.A., Chu, P., Busschbach, J.J.V., Benson, H., Fricchione, L. & Hunink, M.G.M. (2015). Standardized mindfulness-based interventions in healthcare: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs. PLoS ONE,10(4), 1-17. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0124344 Greeson, J.M., Zarrin, H., Smoski, M.J., Brantley, J.G., Lynch, T.R., Webber, D.M., Hall, M.H., Suarez, E.C. & Wolever, R. Q. (2018). Mindfulness meditation targets transdiagnostic symptoms implicated in stress-related disorders: Understanding relationships between changes in mindfulness, sleep quality and physical symptoms. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, ID 4505191, 10 pps. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4505191
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Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S. & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57, 35–43. Haslam, A., Wirth, M.D. & Robb, S.W., (2017). Relationship between meditation depth and waking salivary alpha-amylase secretion among long term MBSR instructors. Stress and Health 33, 298–306. Hazlett-Stevens, H. & Oren, Y. (2017). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction bibliotherapy: A preliminary randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(6),626-637. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22370 Hilton, L., Hempel, S., Ewing, B.A., Apaydin, E., Xenakis, L., Newberry, S., Colaiaco, B., Maher, A.R., Shanman, R. M., Sorbero, M.E. & Maglione, M.A. (2017). Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51, 199-213. DOI 10.1007/s12160-016-9844-2 Hosseni, M. (2017). The effectiveness of MBSR intervention in alleviating pain during detoxification among substance abusers: An experimental study. NeuroQuantology, 15(4), 107-113. doi: 10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.115 Jain, H. & Singh, R. (2016). Developing psychological capital through mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) therapy. Indian Journal of Health and Wellness, 3(2), 79-84. James, K. & Rimes, K.A. (2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy versus pure cognitive behavioural self-help for perfectionism: A pilot randomized Study. Mindfulness, 9, 801–814. DOI 10.1007/s12671-017-0817-8 Jazaieri, H., Goldin, P.R., Werner, K., Ziv, M. & Gross, J.J. 2012). A randomized trial of MBSR versus aerobic exercise for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Pschology, 68(7), 715-731, DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21863 Kabat-Zinn, J. (2011). Some reflections on the origins of MBSR, skillful means, and the trouble with maps. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 281-206. DOI: 10.1080/14639947.2011.564844 Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990, 2013). Full catastrophe living – Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Bantam Books: New York, NY. Kelly, A. & Garland, E.L. (2016). Trauma-informed mindfulness-based stress reduction for female survivors of interpersonal violence: Results from a stage 1 RCT. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(4), 311-328. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22273 Kerr, C.E., Josyula, K. & Littenberg, R. (2011). Developing an observing attitude: An analysis of meditation diaries in an MSBR clinical trial. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18, 80-93. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.700
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Khaddouma, A., Gordon, K.C. & Strand, E.B. (2017) Mindful mates: A pilot study of the relational effects of Mindfulness-based stress reduction on participants and their partners. Family Process, 56(3), 636-651. doi: 10.1111/famp.12226 La Cour, P. & Petersen, M. (2015). Effects of mindfulness meditation on chronic pain: A randomized controlled trial, Pain Medicine, 16. 641-652. Lemmon, R. & Hampton, A. (2018). Nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic pain: What works? The Journal of Family Practice, 67(8), 474-483. Maddock, A., Hevey , D. & Eidemeuller, K. (2017). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention with homeless adults: A pilot study. International Journal of Mental Health & Addiction, 15, 529–544. DOI 10.1007/s11469-016-9718-7 Mak, W.W.S., Chan, A.T.Y., Cheung, E.Y.L., Lin, C.L.Y. & Ngai, K.C.S. (2015). Enhancing web-based mindfulness training for mental health promotion with the health action process approach: Randomize controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research,17(1), e8. doi:10.2196/jmir.3746 Mak, W.W.S., Chio, F.H.N., Chan, A.T.Y., Lui, W.W.S. & Wu, E.K.Y. (2017). The efficacy of internet-based training with telephone support in the enhancement of mental health among college students and young working adults: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research,19(3):e84. doi:10.2196/jmir.6737 Mak, W.W.S., Tong, A.C.Y., Yip, S.Y.C., Lui, W.W.S., Chio, F.H.N., Chan, A.T.Y.& Wong, C.C.Y. (2018). Efficacy and moderation of mobile app-based programs for mindfulness-based training, self-compassion training, and cognitive behavioral psychoeducation on mental health: Randomized controlled noninferiority trial. JMRI Mental Health, 5(4), 1-18. http://mental.jmir.org/2018/4/e60/ Merkes, M. (2010). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for people with chronic diseases. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 16, 200-210. Doi:10.1071/PY09063 Nathan, H.J., Poulin, P., Wozny, D., Taljaard, M., Smyth, C., Gilron, I., Sorisky, A., Lochnan, H. & Shergill, Y. (2017), Randomized trial of the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on pain-related disability, pain intensity, health-related quality of life, and A1C in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Clinical Diabetes Journals 35/5/294. DOI: 10.2337/cd17-0077 Ornidi, A. & Zarger, F. (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived stress and psychological health in patients with tension headaches. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 20, 1058-1063. Petersen, M. & La Cour, P. (2016). Mindfulness—what works for whom? Referral,feasibility, and user perspectives regarding patients with mixed chronic pain. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 22(4), 298-305. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0310
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Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, J., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Pryor, I., McGorry, P. & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2018). Web-based mindfulness intervebntions for mental health treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Ment alHealth, 5(3), e10278. doi:10.2196/10278 Spijkerman, M.P.J., Pots, W.T.M. & Bohlmeijer, E.T. (2016). Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health: A review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 102–114 Turner, J.A., Anderson, M.L., Balderson, B.H., Cook, A.J., Sherman, K.J. & Cherkin, D.C. (2016). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain: Similar effects on mindfulness, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, and acceptance in a randomized controlled trial. Pain, 257(11), 2434-2444. 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000635. Vitoula, K., Venneri, A., Verrassi, G., Paladini, A., Sykioti, P., Adewusi, J. & Zis, P. (2017). Behavioral therapy approaches for the management of low back pain: An up-to-date systematic review. Pain Therapy, 7,1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-018-0099-4 Ye, H. (2017). Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on student’s social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. NeuroQuantology, 15(4),101-106. doi: 10.14704/nq.2017.15.4.1134 Zeidan, F. & Vago, D.R. (2016). Mindfulness meditation-based relief: A mechanistic account. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1373, 114-127. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13153