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Metabolism-Anabolism And Catabolism PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Metabolism: anabolism and catabolism".

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life. It can be divided into two types of processes: anabolism and catabolism.

Anabolism is the process by which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones, typically requiring energy input. Anabolic reactions are responsible for building and repairing tissues and organs, such as muscle and bone tissue. Examples of anabolic reactions include protein synthesis, glycogen synthesis, and lipid synthesis.

Catabolism, on the other hand, is the process by which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones, typically releasing energy. Catabolic reactions are responsible for providing the energy required for cellular processes and for maintaining the bodys homeostasis. Examples of catabolic reactions include the breakdown of glucose through glycolysis, the breakdown of fats through beta-oxidation, and the breakdown of proteins through proteolysis.

Both anabolism and catabolism are essential processes in maintaining the balance of energy and nutrients in living organisms. They work together to ensure that the body has the resources it needs to function properly, and that any excess nutrients are stored or eliminated as needed.

Tags : Metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, Anabolic reactions, Catabolic reactions, endocrinology, endocrinology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Apr 18, 2023 | Views : 1418 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Metabolism: anabolism and catabolism 437 Biochemistry Team Color index: Doctors slides Notes and explanations Extra information Highlights بِسْم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Slide 2-

Objectives: Understand the concept of metabolic pathway Identify types and characters of metabolic pathways- anabolic and catabolic Identify ATP as the energy currency of cells
Slide 3-

Metabolism: METABOLISM is all the chemical reactions taking place inside a cell. A metabolic pathway is a multistep sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.> Metabolic pathways are tightly regulated and highly integrated. Consists of (classified as): Pathways that regenerate a component are called cycles. 1- Anabolism (anabolic pathway) بناءة 2- Catabolism (catabolic pathway) هدامة بنى
Slide 4-

Pathway Vs Chemical reaction Metabolic pathways: A multi-step sequence of chemical reactions. A product of first reaction becomes a substrate for second reaction. Integrated (not separated) pathways. Metabolic pathways are bidirectional. An example of a metabolic pathway (Glycolysis): Original substrate End product Whereas chemical reactions happen with one step and one direction
Slide 5-

Metabolic Map Different pathways can intersect, forming an integrated and purposeful network of chemical reactions The Metabolic Map. > The metabolic map shows how all pathways come together, it helps us understand the effect of each path on the entire metabolism. Example: (الصورة للفهم فقط)
Slide 6-

Catabolic Pathways Anabolic Pathways Breaking down complex molecules to produce energy Precursor molecules into complex molecules Endergonic reactions require ATP Divergent process -Use ATP produced by catabolic pathways -Monomers + Energy (ATP) = Polymers Amphibolic Pathways Amphi = Dual, amphibolic: dual pathway (both catabolic and anabolic) For example: Krebs cycle is mainly a catabolic cycle, but with some anabolic features, e.g., part of Krebs cycle is used for the synthesis of glucose from amino acids Therefore, Krebs cycle is amphibolic Classification of metabolic pathway Starts with a small number of molecules and keeps on increasing
Slide 7-

Catabolism Vs Anabolism Converging Diverging Uses ATP Makes ATP
Slide 8-

Energy Currency: ATP The free energy liberated in the hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive the endergonic reactions ATP is formed from ADP and Pi when fuel molecules are oxidized This ATP-ADP cycle is the fundamental mode of energy exchange in biological systems ATP is the energy currency of the cells ATP + H2O → ADP +Pi
Slide 9-

Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation: Loss of hydrogen - Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of hydrogen - Gain of electrons From NADH to NAD+ (oxidation) “loss of hydrogen” From NAD+ to NADH (reduction) “gain of hydrogen” NAD+ and NADH “NAD= Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide”
Slide 10-

Oxidation and reduction are present in metabolism Explanation: The carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids were oxidized, while the enzymes NAD and FAD were reduced = Both oxidation and reduction happen together in metabolism
Slide 11-

Regulation Of Metabolism We need signals to control metabolism, these signals could be: Intercellular communications (between cells): Chemical signaling (hormones: first messenger) Second messengers: (cAMP, cGMP, Ca++/phosphatidylinositol) *c means cyclic Intracellular signals (inside cells): this kind of regulation is fast Substrate availability (If substrate needed is not available > it won’t activate If substrate needed is available > it will activate and make product) Product inhibition (Feedback inhibition happens when the end product of a metabolic pathway exceeds its concentration limit, it inhibits the regulatory enzyme to normalize the pathway -output used as input- ) Allosteric activators or inhibitors (Happens when an effector molecule binds at the protein's allosteric site -which is a site other than the active site- and that can either activate or inhibit the process) We regulate metabolism by regulating enzymes. Explanation: A hormone binds to a receptor outside the cell, leading to the activation of cell messengers inside the cell. Some notes in this slide were taken from teams 435 & 436
Slide 12-

Metabolic Fuel Carbohydrates & lipids (mainly) and proteins (little extent) are used for energy production. 1- Carbohydrates (glucose) 2- Lipids (fatty acids) 3- Protein (amino acids) Glucose is the major metabolic fuel of most tissues
Slide 13-

GIRLS TEAM: الهنوف الجلعود رهف الشنيببر شهد الجبرين لينا الرحمة منيرة المسعد ليلى الصّباغ العنود المنصور أرجوانة العقيل ريناد الغريبي مجد البراك روان المشعل Team leaders:1- Mohammed hassan hakeem2- Reham alhalabiContact us:teambiochem437@gmail.comFor editing file:https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/16yNcm2Y08Cr0Am83lDRfH5NB4F1ng3tdHiB3O1AqMc8 BOYS TEAM: داوود اسماعيل عبدالله الحربي عبدالملك الشرهان ٤- تركي آل بنهار احمد ابراهيم العريفي سعيد آل سرار عبدالرحمن التركي سلطان بن عبيد صالح المعيقل صالح الوكيل عدنان المقبل - علي العماري محمد ابراهيم محمد صالح القسومي نواف عبدالعزيز