Krebs cycle Medical Presentation

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Published on : May 26, 2019 | Views : 4463 | Downloads : 39

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CONTENTS WHAT IS KREBS CYCLE REACTIONS OF KREBS CYCLE ENERGECTICS SIGNIFICANCE OF KREBS CYCLE CATABOLIC SGNICANCE ANABOLIC SIGNIFICANCE
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INTRODUCTION : It is also called Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) or Tri-Carboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA). The sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration. It takes place in the mitochondria, using up oxygen and producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products, and ADP is converted to energy-rich ATP. In the presence of oxygen organisms are capable of using the Kreb's Cycle. The reason oxygen is required is because the NADH and [FADH2] produced in the Kreb's Cycle are able to be oxidised in the electron transport chain (ETC) thus replenishing the supply of NAD+ and [FAD].
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STEPS OF KREB’S CYCLE
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The cycle begins with the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl coA. Oxaloacetate + Acetyl coA citrate gives CoASH. The catalytic enzyme used in this reaction is citrate synthase. The hydrolysis of citryl coA, a high energy thioester intermediate, drives the overall reaction in the direction of synthesis of citrate.
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Oxidative decarboxylation can not take place from citrate. Thus citrate is converted to Isocitrate. Interchange of a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group takes place. The enzyme that catalase this reaction is called aconitase. Formation of Isocitrate
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Formation of α-Ketoglutarate Isocitrate undergoes dehydrogenation. Catalysed by enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. The reaction is NAD dependent. The reaction yields α-ketoglutarate, NAD(P)H, and CO2 and involves enzyme-bound oxalo succinate as an intermediate.
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Formation of Succinyl coA The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The reaction goes as follows: α-ketoglutarate + NAD+ + CoA → Succinyl CoA + CO2 + NADH This reaction proceeds in three steps: decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate, reduction of NAD+ to NADH, and subsequent transfer to CoA, which forms the end product, succinyl CoA.
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Formation of Succinate Succinyl coA is a energy rich thioester compound. The cleavage of thioester bond is coupled with phosphorylation of GDP the reaction is catalysed by enzyme succinyl thokinase. Succinyl coA + Pi + GDP —> succinate + coA + GTP.
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Regeneration of Oxaloacetate The first dehydrogenation reaction: Fumarate is formed, Catalysed by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. The enzyme contains FAD and iron sulphur protein. FAD+ succinate —> FADH2 + Fumarate. Fumarate is converted to malate by the enzyme Fumarase. The second dehydrogenase reaction: Malate is converted to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase Continuous oxidation of NADH takes place.
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Energetics ATP produced in glycolysis: 8 Atp produced in pyruvate cycle :6 ATP produced in TCA cycle: 24 Total ATP produced = 38
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REGULATION OF KREBS CYCLE ATP, NADH, FADH2, ACETYL COA AND SUCCINYL COA INHIBITS THE KREBS CYCLE THE THREE KEY ENZYMES OF KREBS CYCLE ARE :- CITRATE SYNTHASE ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE α-KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE NAD AND ADP STIMULATE THE KREBS CYCLE
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INHIBITORS OF KREBS CYCLE Flouroacetate that inhibits aconitase. Arsenate that inhibits α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Malonate that inhibits succinate dehydrogenase.
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Significance of krebs cycle CATABOLIC ROLE ANABOLIC ROLE
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ANABOLIC ROLE
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Catabolic role
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BIBLIOGRAPHY NAMRATA MA’AM’S NOTES RANJEET SIR’S NOTES WWW.BIOCHEMITRYFORMEDICS.COM
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