JOINTS Medical Presentation

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Published on : May 31, 2019 | Views : 2232 | Downloads : 4

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Prepared By: Abdul Rehman CMS # 27125 Submitted To: Sir Dr. Danish Latif “ Assignment No 1
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‘ “Joints are the meeting points of the bones.” It is also known as articulation or articuler surface and defined as, “ The connection made between the bones of the body which link the skeletal system into a functional whole.” They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movements. JOINTS
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Classification of joints There are two main types of classification. Structural classification: It is determined by how the bones connect to each other. Functional classification: It is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones
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Structural Classification On the basis of structural classification, there are three types of joints. Fibrous joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints
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Fibrous Joints In these joints bones are united by means of dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagens. They are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous of varying thickness. Thus, they are immovable but in adults some of these allow slight movement .
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Examples of Fibrous Joints Sutures are found in skull Syndesmoses are found in inferior tibiofibular joints and ligamentous cords or membranes Gomphoses are found in alveolar sockets and roots of the teeth
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Cartilaginous Joints “When two bones are united to each other by the means of cartilage the joint formed are called cartilaginous joints“ They allow more movement between bones than fibrous joints They also forms the growth regions of the immature long bones and invertebral discs of spinal column.
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Examples Of Cartilaginous Joints Synchondroses are mainly found in growing bones. Symphyses are found between the pubic bones, between the manubrium and body of sturnum and between the body of vertebrae
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Synovial Joints ( Diarthroses) “A synovial joint , also known as diarthrosis, joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joint bones constitute the outer boundry of a synoval cavity, and surround the bons articulating surfaces.” The synovial cavity is filled with synovial fluid so they are also known as true joints The capsule keeps the bones togather structurally and the inner synoveal membrane seals the synovial fluid Simply, They are cavitated joints and they provide free movement.
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Composition Of Synovial Joints Following are the components of Synovial Joint Articular Cartilage Fibrous Capsule Ligaments Synovial membrane Synovial Fluid Articular discs Menisci Labra
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Types of Synovial Joint Ball and socket joint Saddel joint Hinge joint Condyloid joint Pivot joint Gliding joint
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Examples of Synovial Joints Sternoclavecular joint Temporomendibular joint Knee joint Elbow joint
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Functional Classification of Joint On the basis of functional classification the joints are of three types Immovable joints Slightly moveable joints Freely moveable joints
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Immovable Joints “Those joints which are still and cannot assist any type of movement are called as immovable joints” They connect the ends of bones by tough fibrous tissues. For examples They are present in skull and in tooth root.
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Slightly Movable Joints In this type of joint the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. They are also known as Amphiarthrosis. They provide a little movement of joints usually back and forth. Examples Hip joint Limbo sacral vertebral joint Sutures of skull bone Symphysis pubis
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Freely Moveable Joints “The joints which can freely move in all directions are called freely moveable joint.”
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Types of Freely Moveable Ball and socket joint e.g. Shoulder & hip joints. Saddle joint e.g. First carp metacarpal joints Hinge joint e.g. Elbow, knee, Ankle joints etc. Ellipsoid joint e.g. Radio carpal and Metacarpophalangeal joints. Pivot joint e.g. Atlas/axis and proximal radio ulnar joints Gliding joint Intercarpal and int er phalanges joints