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Integumantry System PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Integumentary System The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage. Skin is the largest organ system of the body that consists of a superficial epidermis and underlying dermis.

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Published on : Apr 12, 2022 | Views : 866 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Integumentary System The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage. Skin is the largest organ system of the body that consists of a superficial epidermis and underlying dermis.
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Functions of the Skin - Environmental barrier - Temperature regulation - Immunologic affector and effector axis - Mechanical support - Neurosensory reception - Endocrine & Exocrine functions - Metabolism - Biotransformation of xenobiotics
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The Skin Layers of the skin: - Epidermis - Dermis - Hypodermis
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The Epidermis It is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium derived from ectoderm and is the outermost layer. Thick (non hairy skin) and Thin (when with heavy protective coat of hair) During development, the epidermis form various appendages i.e; hair, glands, digital organs, feathers and horns
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The Epidermis Keratinocytes Comprise about 85% of epidermal cells and are classified into layers based on the basis of morphology Non keratinocytes They are scattered throughout the epidermis between keratinocytes These are: Melanocytes Tactile epithelioid cells (Markel Cells) Intra-epidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells) The Cells of Epidermis:
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The Epidermis From basement membrane to outer surface, epidermis has four layers Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Corneum
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Stratum Basale A single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells Cells are attached to other surrounding cells via desmosomes and hemi-desmosomes Nucleus is large, ovoid and central in position Some of the cells of this layer act as stem sells while others are serve to anchor the epidermis. The Epidermis
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Stratum Spinosum The succeeding outer layer and consists of several layers of irregular polyhedral cells. Tono-filaments are prominent in this layer than in stratum basale The uppermost layers of the stratum spinosum contain small membrane bounded organelles known as “lamellar granules”. The Epidermis
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Stratum Granulosum It is third layer consist of flattened cells The cells of this layer contain irregularly shaped ,non membrane bounded, electron dense kerato-hyalin granules Another characteristic feature of this is the presence of lamellar granules, higher in the epidermis, these granules increase in number & size The major component of lamellar granules are lipid & hydrolytic enzymes This layer is not present in all stratified squamous epithelium such as in the mucous membrane of mouth
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Stratum Lucidum Only found in specific areas of exceptionally thick skin and in hairless regions i.e. planter & palmar surface, planum nasale It is thin translucent, homogenous line between the stratum granulosum & stratum corneum This stratum consists of several layers of fully keratinized, closely compacted, dense cells devoid of nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles
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Stratum Corneum Consists of completely keratinized dead cells that contain no nuclei or other cytoplasmic organelles Varies in thickness in various areas of the body and also between species
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The Dermis The dermis lies beneath the basement membrane and extends upto the hypodermis This layer is of mesodermal origin and consists of primarily dense irregular connective tissue with a network of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers embedded in amorphous ground substances Predominant cell are Fibrocytes, Mast cells, Macrophages, Plasma cells, Fat cells, Extra wasted leukocytes Dermis is transverse by blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves Sebaceous and sweat glands are also present
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The Sebaceous Glands These may be simple, branched or compound alveolar glands that release their secretions by holocrine mode of secretion. Sebum is an oily secretion containing a mixture of lipids and disintegrated cells, and it acts as antibacterial agents and as a water proofing agent. They open either into the hair follicles by duct (st sq epi) or directly on to the surface of the skin.
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Sebaceous Gland
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The Sebaceous Glands The secretory unit consists of a solid mass of epidermal cells enclosed by a connective tissue sheath that blends with the surrounding dermis. At the periphery of glandular part, a single layer of low cuboidal cells is present As these move inwards they become enlarged and polygonal and accumulate lipid droplets.
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The Sebaceous Glands Occurrence: - Well developed association and also with sweat glands : Infra-orbital, inguinal, interdigital regions of the sheep, base of goat’s horns, cat’s anal sacs, the prepuce and circum-anal region of dogs. - Not present: foot pads, hoofs, claws and horns.
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The Sweat Glands These are simple coiled tubular glands OR simple tubular glands. Based on the mode of release of secretory product these are classified as 1) Apocrine (Mostly in domestic animals) 2) Merocrine
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The Sweat Glands The Apocrine sweat glands are simple coiled tubular glands Function is to produce viscous secretion that has scent (for sex attractant and or as a territorial marker) Thermoregulation via skin Occurrence :
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The Sweat Glands The Merocrine sweat glands are simple tubular glands that open directly onto the skin Found in foot pads od dogs and cats. The frog of horse hoof, planum rostrale of pigs, carpal glands of swine and the bovine planum nasolabiale.
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Schematic Diagram showing The Sweat Glands
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The Sweat Glands
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Skin
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The Mammary Glands
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The Mammary Glands The mammary gland is like a modified sweat gland. It is compound tubulo-acinar gland. The acini empty into ducts, that are lined by cuboidal, or low columnar epithelial cells, and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. The ducts from each lobule empty into a lactiferous duct that empties onto the surface of the nipple.
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The Mammary Gland
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The Mammary Gland In lactating mammary glands, the number of alveoli is far greater than the numbers in inactive mammary glands. The inactive glands have large amounts of glandular tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue and adipose. The larger ductal elements remain intact in these glands