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Infectious Illnesses in Child PowerPoint Presentation

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Child Care Health Consultation www.kentuckycchc.org Infectious Illnesses in Child Care Settings
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Promote Healthy Behaviors Prevent Illness
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What is a Germ? A microorganism or living thing that causes illness or disease in some people Kids think they are bugs or other gross things They are everywhere! 4 types: Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasites
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Bacteria Tiny, living organisms that need live off of the host environment, sometimes humans, and can cause illness or disease Not all are bad. “good” bacteria live in our intestine and help break down food. Some are used to make medicine. can cause sore throats, ear infections, dental cavities, pneumonia, etc. Typically treated with antibiotics
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Virus Must be inside a living cell of a plant, animal, or person Some can survive months on surfaces can cause flu, colds, croup, rsv, covid, chickenpox, etc.
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Fungus Plant-like organisms that must get their nutrition from plants, animals, or humans: mushrooms, yeast, etc. Not dangerous to healthy people They live in damp, warm places can cause thrush, ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch, etc.
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Parasite An organism living in or on a host: animal or human Gets nutrition from the host 3 types: Protozoa- spread through contaminated food and water, person-to-person contact and insect bites: malaria, toxoplasmosis Helminths- worms that imbed in the digestive tract and pass in stool: pinworms, ringworms Ectoparasites- bugs that live on the outside of the host: ticks, fleas, lice Treatment varies for each organism
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How Do You Get Germs In Your Body? Modes of Transmission direct contact indirect contact Airborne/ droplet (respiratory) fecal- oral (enteric)
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Direct Versus Indirect Contact Direct contact: “touching” the infected person’s skin or body fluid, including blood. It is the most common way of sharing germs. The infected person may not realize they are ill. Droplet spread through coughing and sneezing require close proximity Examples: chickenpox, conjunctivitis (pink eye), flu, mono, fifth disease, whooping cough (pertussis), meningitis, rhinovirus (colds). Indirect contact: Spread through the air and contaminated objects including food and drinking water, insects, soil, and vegetation Can travel long distances and remain suspending in the air for extended periods of time Examples: E coli from stool, Rabies from animals, Malaria and West Nile Virus from mosquitos, toxoplasmosis from cat litter, Lyme disease from ticks, and Measles. Handwashing, cleaning, sanitizing, covering coughs and sneezes are crucial to stop the spread and prevent more illness
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Blood Transmission A bloodborne pathogen is an infectious microorganism in human blood that can cause illness and disease in humans. The infectious person may not know they are ill but are contagious 3 common ones of concern that any age group may have: HIV Hepatitis B Hepatitis C When can you as a child care provider come into contact with blood? ANYWHERE! Gloves are crucial. Handwashing should be done immediately after removing gloves. There are vaccines to prevent Hepatitis.
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Fecal Oral (Enteric) Transmission occurs when the illness or disease that is in fecal matter is passed from person to person, animal to person, or through contaminated food or water It is transmitted to the host when they touch or ingest feces or objects contaminated with feces then touch their mouth or ingest the contaminated food or water. Reptiles can carry Salmonella. Iguanas, turtles, snakes, and lizards are not appropriate animals for child care centers since small children might touch. Lack of proper sanitation, poor cleaning and sanitizing, poor hygiene practices, improperly prepared foods, improperly treated drinking water are typical causes. Common in child care, schools, hospitals, restaurants, large group settings, events, communities with well water or using run-off water for drinking and cleaning, homeless populations, third world countries Examples: E Coli, Hand Foot Mouth, Pinworms, Salmonella, Shigella
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Managing Infectious Illnesses in Child Care Settings
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Chickenpox (Varicella) Virus Symptoms: small red spots and bumps developing into very small fluid-filled sacs on the skin over 3-4 days, and then forming crusty scabs Fever Runny nose Cough Lots of itching Spread through direct contact and/ or Airborne Chickenpox is a vaccine preventable illness Excluded from child care and group settings until Scabbed over Reportable disease Copyright: American Academy of Pediatrics
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Cold Sores (Herpes) Virus Symptoms: Painful, small, fluid-filled blisters in the mouth, on the gums and lips eventually crusting Fever Irritability Tender, swollen lymph nodes Spread through direct contact through kissing and contact with open sores or indirect contact with saliva from the contaminated child touching objects with their mouth and then another child placing the object in their mouth (ex: toys, cups, bottles) No exclusion necessary
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Common Cold (Rhinovirus) Upper respiratory infection involving the nose, throat, ears, and/ or eyes Symptoms: Cough Sore or scratchy throat Runny eyes and/ or nose Sneezing Headache Fever Earache Symptoms: Spread through airborne/ droplets when talking, sneezing, or coughing. Also through indirect contact with respiratory secretions from contaminated child that are found on objects they have touched. No exclusion.
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Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis) Virus, bacteria, allergy, or chemical irritant Symptoms: Red or pink swollen whites of eyes and possibly eye lids Itchy Painful Watery or Green/ yellow drainage from one or both eyes; eyes may mat together Sensitive to light Commonly accompany colds Spread through direct contact with discharge or indirect by touching other surfaces that have been contaminated by respiratory tract secretions and then touch your eye. Excluded if bacterial until first dose of medication is initiated
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Diarrhea More watery or more frequent stools than typical for that person Symptoms: Abdominal cramps and tenderness Fever “not feeling well” Blood or mucous in stool Very individualized Causes: Dietary change Medications Intestinal problem (illness or chronic disease) Infections (reportable by MD): Viral: rotavirus, noroviruses Bacteria: shigella, salmonella, campylobacter, E. Coli, C diff Parasites Spread by fecal- oral contamination, undercooked meat, animal contact
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Diarrhea Exclusion / Return Criteria Exclude if: Follow local health department guidelines for outbreaks of bacterial diarrhea Child unable to contain stool in diaper or toilet Child is having more than 2 stools above their normal while at the child care/ school setting Black tarry, Blood or mucus present and child is “ill” Dry mouth, no tears, or no urine output in 8 hours (dehydration) Child is unable to participate in normal activities Return when: Health care provider has cleared Local health department has cleared No more than 2 stools above their normal Child is able to participate in normal activities
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Fifth Disease Virus Symptoms prior to rash: No fever or low-grade fever Headache Tired Muscle aches Symptoms with rash: red facial rash that looks like “slapped cheeks” (appears on 4th-14th day of virus but can last up to 21 days) “lacelike” rash on trunk, arms, buttocks, and thighs Spread by respiratory droplets when the child talks, coughs, or sneezes then the droplets rubbed into eyes, nose, or mouth. No exclusion necessary. The child is no longer contagious when rash appears.
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Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Virus Symptoms: Tiny blisters in the mouth and on the hands and feet Low grade fever Runny nose Sore throat Cough Difficulty eating and drinking. Spread by respiratory droplets when the child talks, coughs, or sneezes then the droplets rubbed into eyes, nose, or mouth. Also, fecal- oral contamination since the virus can be shed in the stool for weeks to months. No exclusion is necessary.
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Impetigo Bacterial infection Symptoms: Small, red pimples or fluid-filled blisters with crusted yellow scabs most commonly of the face but can be anywhere on the body Spread by direct contact with the sores of an infected person or indirect contact from contaminated surfaces Excluded from child care and school settings until oral or topical antibiotic treatment has been started.
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Flu (influenza) Respiratory virus Symptoms: Sudden onset of fever Headache Chills Muscle aches Sore throat Nasal congestion Cough/ croup Nausea/ vomiting Spread through droplets when talking, sneezing, or coughing. Also through indirect contact with respiratory secretions from contaminated child that are found on objects they have touched. Exclude from child care and school settings until no fever for 24 hours without use of fever-reducing medications and able to participate in normal activities.
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Lice (Pediculosis) Parasite Nits: tiny, gray/ white eggs attached to the hair shaft at the scalp area Hatch 7-12 days after laying Insect: Small, tan-colored insects that cannot live for more than 48 hours away from the scalp Reproduce about 2 weeks after hatching Symptoms: Itching of the scalp, skin around ears, and neck skin where insects feed Nit attachment/ siting and/ or insect siting Open scalp sores (bites) Swollen lymph nodes if bites infected Spread by direct head-to-head contact with infested hair or indirect contact through shared hats, combs, brushes, headgear, bedding, and other objects. Exclusion should be at the end of the day and include examination of household and personal contacts in the center. If confirmed nits or lice the positive household members/ contacts may return after treatment.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Virus causing common cold and other respiratory symptoms Typically in children <4 years old but can be in any age Symptoms: Runny nose or congestion Cough Irritablity Poor feeding in young infants Lethargy (drowsy and unable to keep awake) Apnea (periods of not breathing) Cyanosis (lips, fingernail beds, skin turn blue, especially when coughing) Wheezing/ asthma attack Spread through droplets when talking, sneezing, or coughing. Also through indirect contact with respiratory secretions from contaminated child that are found on objects they have touched. Exclusion is not necessary unless the child meets fever exclusion guidelines or cannot participate in normal activities.
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Ringworm Fungal infection affecting the skin Can be found anywhere on the body but commonly on the face, extremities, and scalp Symptoms: Red, circular patches with raised edges and middle clearing Distinct outer red ring Skin between the toes cracking and peeling Redness and scaling of scalp or patchy areas of dandruff-like scaling with hair loss Spread by direct contact with infected animals (typically cats and dogs), infected humans, or indirect contact with contaminated objects such as bedding, towels, hair clippers, combs, and brushes. Exclusion should be at the end of the day and include examination of household and personal contacts in the center. If ringworm, the positive household members/ contacts may return after treatment.
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Strep Throat/ Scarlet Fever Bacterial infection Symptoms: Scarlet fever: a fine red rash that causes the skin to feel like sandpaper. It is caused by strep throat or a strep infection in another area of the body. Sore throat Fever Stomachache/ vomiting Headache Swollen lymph nodes in the neck Poor appetite Spread through droplets when talking, sneezing, or coughing. Also through indirect contact with respiratory secretions from contaminated child that are found on objects they have touched. Exclude until 12 hours after first antibiotic treatment and able to participate in normal activities
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Thrush Yeast infection of the mouth typically seen after antibiotic or inhaler/ nebulizer use Symptoms: White patches on the inside of cheeks, gums and tongue Rarely spread No exclusion necessary
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Yeast Diaper Rash Yeast infection in the diaper area which can extend to upper thigh area Commonly seen after antibiotic use Not all “diaper rashes” are infections Symptoms: Shiny red skin in diaper area which can extend to upper thigh area Worse in creases of the skin Red pimple-like bumps at the border of the rash Sores, cracking, peeling, or oozing signifies a severe case Does not spread to others Exclusion is not necessary
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PREVENTION IS THE KEY! Morning Health Checks HANDWASHING! 922 KAR 2:120 CLEANING AND SANITIZING! PROPER DIAPERING TECHNIQUES! 922 KAR 2:120 IMMUNIZATIONS PREVENT DISEASE EDUCATE PARENT/ GUARDIANS AND STAFF MEDICAL/ RELIGIOUS EXEMPTION MUST HAVE PROPER KY EXEMPTION DOCUMENTS ON FILE EDUCATE PARENT/ GUARDIANS AND STAFF OF RISK OF ILLNESS/ DISEASE SPREAD EXCLUDE UN-IMMUNIZED CHILDREN IF A VACCINE-PREVENTABLE ILLNESS/ DISEASE OCCURS IN THE FACILITY
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Resources Kentucky Child Care Health Consultation Program: http://www.kentuckycchc.org/ Kentucky Division of Child Care: 922 KAR 2:120. Child-care center health and safety standards Centers for Disease control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/features/animalsinschools/