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History of Malaria PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : This presentation gives a review on history of Malaria.

Tags : Malaria, plasmodium, History,about malaria,Malaria disease,flu,mosquito,mosquito disease

Published on : Sep 19, 2023 | Views : 716 | Downloads : 7

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Slide 1-

HISTORY OF MALARIA Yusuf Kagzi, MBBS MGM Medical College, Indore India
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Introduction To Malaria Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases and a great public health problem worldwide, particularly in Africa and south Asia. About three billion people are at risk of infection in 109 countries. Each year, there are an estimated 250 million cases of malaria leading to approximately one million deaths, mostly in children under five years of age.
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The organism that causes the most dangerous form of malaria is a microscopic parasite called Plasmodium falciparum. This parasite is transmitted by mosquito species belonging to the Anopheles genus and only by females of those species.
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HISTORY OF MALARIA The term malaria originates from mala aria—"bad air“ The history of malaria stretches from its prehistoric origin as a zoonotic disease in the primates of Africa through to the 21st century. A widespread and potentially lethal human infectious disease, at its peak malaria infested every continent, except Antarctica. Hippocrates, a physician born in ancient Greece, today regarded as the "Father of Medicine", was the first to describe the manifestations of the disease, and relate them to the time of year and to where the patients lived. Before this, the supernatural was blamed.
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The association with stagnant waters (breeding grounds for the Anopheles mosquito) led the Romans to begin drainage programs, the first intervention against malaria. The first recorded treatment dates back to 1600, when the bitter bark of the Cinchona tree in Peru was used by the native Peruvian Indians. Not until 1889 was the protozoal (single celled parasite) cause of malaria discovered by Alphonse Laveran working in Algeria, and only in 1897 was the Anopheles mosquito demonstrated to be the vector for the disease by Ronald Ross. bark of the Cinchona tree
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Discovery of Malaria Agent After 1850, when particles, called melanins, were discovered, methods had been discussed in determining whether they were only to be found in patients suffering from malaria, or were present in other diseases as well. Alphonse Laveran in 1879 first set about solving this problem, which was particularly important to the diagnosis of malaria. During his investigations, Laveran not only found the particles he had been looking for: he also found some entirely unknown bodies with certain characteristics which led him to suppose that parasites were involved Alphonse Laveran
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Laveran also investigated in marshy areas of Italy and concluded that the parasites, during their development in the red blood corpuscles, destroy them; and the red pigment in the corpuscles is changed into the melanin particles. Later on, Ronald Ross who undertook the experimental testing of the mosquito-theory, proposed by both Laveran and the investigator, Patrick Manson. Ronald Ross
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Malaria Transmission Ross, being prevented by circumstances from pursuing his plan in studying the malarial parasite of man, continued his work with an allied malarial parasite of birds. The result was that not only could he confirm his discovery concerning human malaria, as he found corresponding facts for avian malaria (Parasite disease of bird) but he also in a short time succeeded in revealing the further development of the avian malarial parasite in the body of the mosquito. avian malaria plasmodium malariae
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Malaria Control Operation The discovery of the insecticide DDT in 1942, by Paul Müller and its first use in Italy in 1944, made the idea of global eradication of malaria seem possible. Subsequently, widespread systematic control measures such as spraying with DDT, coating marshes with paraffin (to kill Anopheles mosquito larvae), draining stagnant water, and the widespread use of nets and cheap, effective drugs such as chloroquine were implemented - with impressive results. spraying with DDT