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History Of Diabetes PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : The history of diabetes dates back to ancient civilizations, with early references found in Egyptian and Indian texts. The term "diabetes" itself has Greek origins, reflecting the characteristic excessive urination.

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Published on : Apr 27, 2024 | Views : 336 | Downloads : 0

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Muqadas Matloob Shahroz Abbas Presented By: Group # 2 History of Diabetes
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The history of diabetes dates back to ancient civilizations, with early references found in Egyptian and Indian texts. The term "diabetes" itself has Greek origins, reflecting the characteristic excessive urination. Significant milestones include the 17th-century observations by Thomas Willis and the 19th-century discovery of the pancreas's role by Claude Bernard. The 20th century brought distinctions between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, along with advancements in medications, monitoring devices, and a deeper understanding of genetic and environmental factors. History Of Diabetes:
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Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 420 million people worldwide are affected by diabetes, and this number is expected to rise significantly in the coming years. Introduction to Diabetes: A Global Health Challenge The disease is complex and manifests in different forms, primarily classified into: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes.
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This form of diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with Type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy for survival. This form usually develops in childhood or adolescence. Type 1 Diabetes:
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Type 2 Diabetes: This is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for the majority of cases worldwide. It results from insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin. Initially, the pancreas compensates by producing more insulin, but over time, it may not be able to keep up. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. 2
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Although it usually resolves after childbirth, women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Gestational Diabetes Occurring during pregnancy, gestational diabetes increases the risk of complications for both the mother and the child.
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Untreated or poorly managed diabetes can lead to a range of complications, affecting various organs and systems in the body. These complications include cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, vision impairment, and an increased susceptibility to infections. As a result, diabetes poses a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. Clinical Implications:
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Traditionally, diabetes management involves lifestyle modifications, oral antidiabetic drugs, and insulin therapy. However, the search for alternative and complementary approaches, such as herbal drugs, has gained momentum due to the limitations and side effects associated with conventional treatments. Current Approaches to Diabetes Management
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ANTI-DIABETIC HERBAL DRUGS
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Part Used: Fruits and seeds Active Compounds: Charantin, vicine, lectins Explanation: Charantin: A hypoglycemic agent that helps lower blood glucose levels. Vicine: May contribute to the plant's anti-diabetic effects. Lectins: Thought to improve insulin sensitivity. Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia): کریلا) (karela
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Bitter melon has been studied for its anti-diabetic properties. Charantin, one of its active compounds, is believed to have a hypoglycemic effect by increasing glucose uptake in cells. Additionally, vicine and lectins present in bitter melon may contribute to improved insulin sensitivity, facilitating the regulation of blood sugar levels. Mechanism of Action:
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Part Used: Seeds Active Compounds: 4-hydroxyisoleucine, trigonelline Explanation: 4-hydroxyisoleucine: May enhance insulin action, promoting glucose uptake. Trigonelline: May contribute to the plant's anti-diabetic properties. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) میتھی
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Fenugreek seeds contain 4-hydroxyisoleucine, which has been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity. This amino acid-like compound appears to stimulate insulin release and improve glucose utilization, ultimately leading to lower blood glucose levels. Trigonelline, another active compound, may also contribute to the anti-diabetic effects. Mechanism of Action:
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Part Used: Leaves Active Compounds: Gymnemic acids Explanation: Gymnemic acids:Interfere with the taste of sugar, reducing its appeal; may also improve insulin function. Gymnema Sylvestre گرومر بوٹی
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Gymnema sylvestre is known for its ability to reduce sugar absorption in the intestines. The active compounds, gymnemic acids, interact with taste receptors in the mouth, suppressing the sensation of sweetness and, consequently, reducing sugar cravings Additionally, gymnemic acids may enhance insulin function by promoting regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Mechanism of Action:
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Part Used: Bark Active Compounds: Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid Explanation: Cinnamaldehyde: Exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; may improve insulin sensitivity. Cinnamic acid: May contribute to the plant's anti-diabetic effects. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum): دار چینی
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Cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid, which have been studied for their insulin-enhancing and glucose-lowering effects. Cinnamaldehyde appears to improve insulin sensitivity by activating insulin receptors, leading to increased glucose uptake by cells. Cinnamic acid, on the other hand, may contribute to the overall anti-diabetic properties. Mechanism of Action:
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Part Used: Rhizomes (roots) Active Compounds: Curcumin Explanation: Curcumin: Known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; may improve insulin sensitivity. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) ہلدی
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The active compound in turmeric, curcumin, exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the context of diabetes, curcumin has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity by modulating signaling pathways involved in glucose metabolism. It also appears to enhance pancreatic beta cell function. Mechanism of Action:
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Part Used: Gel (inner leaf) Active Compounds: Polysaccharides, lectins Explanation: Polysaccharides: May contribute to the plant's blood glucose-lowering effects. Lectins: Thought to play a role in Aloe Vera's potential anti-diabetic properties. Aloe Vera: کوار گندل
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Aloe vera contains polysaccharides and lectins that may contribute to its anti-diabetic effects. Polysaccharides, such as glucomannan, have been studied for their potential to lower blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity. Lectins may also play a role in regulating blood sugar by interacting with insulin receptors. Mechanism of Action:
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Part Used: Leaves, seeds Active Compounds: Nimbin, nimbidin Explanation: Nimbin, Nimbidin: Possess anti-hyperglycemic properties; may contribute to the plant's blood glucose-lowering effects. Neem (Azadirachta indica): نیم
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Neem has been studied for its anti-hyperglycemic effects, and active compounds like nimbin and nimbidin may be responsible. Nimbidin has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance. Additionally, neem extract may influence various cellular mechanisms involved in glucose metabolism. Mechanism of Action:
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