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Histology of Gastrointestinal Tract PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Digestive System, which is titled "Histology of Gastrointestinal Tract", to know about the Basic Histological Layers of the Digestive System including Mucosa (Epithelium, Lamina Propria, and Muscularis Mucosae), Submucosa (Submucosal plexus, Plexus of Meissner), Muscularis (Myenteric plexus, Plexus of Auerbach), and Serosa.

Tags : Digestive System, Histology, Histological Layers, Digestive System

Published on : Jul 10, 2021 | Views : 2776 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

HISTOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Dr. Archana Rani Associate Professor Department of Anatomy KGMU UP, Lucknow
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Contents Oesophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine
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Histology of the Digestive System Basic Histological Layers: Mucosa: a. Epithelium b. Lamina Propria c. Muscularis Mucosae Submucosa: Submucosal plexus “Plexus of Meissner” Muscularis: Myenteric plexus “Plexus of Auerbach Serosa
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Histology of the Mucosa
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Histology of the Mucosa
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Histology of the Submucosa
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Histology of the Muscularis
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Histology of the Serosa
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Oesophagus Mucosa: Stratified squamous non - keratinized epithelium Submucosa: contains Meissner’s plexus and oesophageal glands Muscularis externa: Upper one-third: skeletal fibres Middle one-third: mixed fibres Lower one-third: smooth fibres Adventitia: loose areolar connective tissue
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Oesophagus
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Oesophagus
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Stomach Mucosa:simple columnar epithelium and presence of gastric pits. Stomach is divided into three histological regions on the basis of nature of glands: Cardiac region Fundic region (fundus & body) Pyloric region
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Stomach (Cardiac Region) Mucosa: simple columnar with oval nuclei, mucous secreting cardiac glands in lamina propria. Submucosa: connective tissue. Muscle layer: inner circular, outer longitudinal. Serosa: simple squamous epithelium.
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Stomach (Fundic Region) Mucosa: simple columnar with oval nuclei, presence of gastric glands in lamina propria.
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Stomach (Fundic Region) Cells of fundic region: Mucous neck cells Parietal (oxyntic) cells Chief (peptic/zymogen) cells Enteroendocrine cells Undifferentiated cells
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Cells of fundic region
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Cells of fundic region
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Stomach (Fundic Region) Submucosa: contains blood vessels, lymphatics and Meissner’s plexus. Muscularis Externa: an inner oblique (absent in pylorus), middle circular and outer longitudinal layer. Serosa: consist of surface layer of flattened mesothelial cells resting on a thin layer of loose connective tissue with blood vessels and lymphatics.
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Stomach (Pyloric Region) Mucosa: pyloric glands in lamina propria & deeper gastric pits extending half the thickness of mucosa. Muscularis Externa: inner circular (thickened to form pyloric sphincter) and outer longitudinal layer. Submucosa & Serosa: same as in fundic part.
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Stomach (Pyloric Region)
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Pyloric Glands
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Gastro-Duodenal Junction
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Small Intestine It is divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Mucosa: characteristic features- Plicae circularis (valves of Kerkring) Villi & Microvilli Goblet cells (few) Crypts of Lieberkuhn (intestinal glands) Glands are lined by columnar cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells & enteroendocrine cells
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Small Intestine
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Small Intestine Submucosa: contains blood vessels, lymphatics and Meissner’s plexus. Muscularis externa: Outer longitudinal and inner circular layers of smooth muscle. Serosa/Adventitia
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Duodenum Presence of Brunner’s glands in submucosa
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High power view of the Duodenal Mucosa
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Jejunum Villi are tongue shaped. Absence of Brunner’s glands.
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Ileum Presence of lymphoid aggregations in lamina propria known as Peyer’s patches. Villi are short & finger like.
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Large Intestine It consists of: appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal. Mucosa: Absence of Plicae circulares and villi Presence of Microvilli Presence of Crypts of Lieberkuhn Presence of Goblet cells in large number Submucosa Muscularis externa: Inner circular layer - thin compared to small intestine. Outer longitudinal layer- forms Taenia coli. Adventitia: Appendices epiploicae (peritoneum forms pouch like processes filled with fat)
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Large Intestine
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Magnified view of a villus
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Large Intestine
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Vermiform Appendix A small blind-ending diverticulum. Large accumulations of lymphoid tissue in lamina propria which may extend into submucosa. Intestinal villi are usually absent. Crypts are poorly formed. Muscularis externa is thin. Absence of taenia coli.
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Vermiform Appendix
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Rectum Intestinal glands are straight, like test tubes. A continuous coat of longitudinal muscle is present. Absence of taenia. Absence of appendices epiploicae.
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Anal Canal Epithelium: upper part-simple columnar, middle part-stratified squamous non-keratinized, lower part-covered by true skin. Mucosa has characteristic longitudinal folds-Anal columns. Small mucosal folds between the anal columns -Pectinate line. Crypts disappear below this line. Muscularis externa-circular muscle forms involuntary internal anal sphincter.
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Ano-rectal Junction
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References 1. diFiore’s Atlas of Histology with functional Correlations, 12th Edition. 2. Textbook of Human Histology. Inderbir Singh, 1st Edition. 3. Textbook of Histology. GP Pal, 3rd Edition.
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MCQ Q1. Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium is a feature of: Oesophagus Stomach Appendix Rectum
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MCQ Q2. Deep gastric pits is a feature of: Oesophagus Cardiac part of stomach Fundic part of stomach Pyloric part of stomach
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MCQ Q3. Plica circularis is a feature of: Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
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MCQ Q4. Taenia coli is present in: Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
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MCQ Q5. Abundant lymphoid tissue in lamina propria is a feature of: Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum Appendix