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Herpes Viruses PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "HERPES VIRUSES".

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about herpes viruses, a family of viruses that can cause a wide range of diseases in humans and other animals. There are eight known types of herpes viruses that can infect humans, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).

HSV-1 and HSV-2 are the most common types of herpes viruses that affect humans. HSV-1 is typically associated with cold sores or fever blisters on the mouth, while HSV-2 is primarily responsible for genital herpes. Both viruses can cause outbreaks of painful blisters and sores that can last for several weeks.

VZV causes chickenpox in children and can lead to shingles in adults. EBV is responsible for causing infectious mononucleosis, also known as glandular fever. CMV can cause serious health problems in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or organ transplant recipients. HHV-6 and HHV-7 are common causes of childhood rashes and fevers, while HHV-8 is associated with a rare cancer called Kaposis sarcoma.

Tags : herpes viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), Dermatology, Dermatology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Mar 31, 2023 | Views : 1036 | Downloads : 7

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HERPES VIRUSES
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DNA VIRUSES Icosahedral Large baggy envelope DNA polymerase HSV and VZV code for thymidine kinase - activate certain antiviral drugs (SUIZIDING) Replication in nucleus of host cell CLASSIFICATION(Human pathogens)
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Herpes viruses have a similar morphology Share common antigens Can differentiate by their genome and by serological tests
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Alphaherpesvirinae Herpes simplex virus type 1 HSV-1 Herpes simplex virus type 2 HSV-2 Varicella-zoster virus VZV Betaherpesvirinae cytomegalovirus CMV Human herpesvirus type 6 HHV-6 Human herpesvirus type 7 HHV-7 Gammaherpesvirinae Epstein-Barr virus EBV CLASSIFICATION(Human pathogens)
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HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) HSV 1 infect the upper part of the body - mouth and the face HSV 2 infect the lower part of the body - genital infections There is little cross protection Therefore, you can get both the infections
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Primary infection -first contact with HSV Latent infection -persistent virus in root ganglia Reactivation -production of infective virus by latently infected cell Recurence -clinically apparent disease produced by reactivation Sources of infection - Saliva - Skin lesions - Oropharyngeal lesions - Carriers
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Pathogenesis Entry by skin or mucous membranes viral multiplication sensory nerve lysis of cells root ganglia vesicles latency ulcers REACTIVATION COLD FEVER SURGERY UNKNOWN
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Viral DNA may get integrated in to the host genome or virus may just remain in the ganglia Primary infection usually due to type 1 happens at 6 months to 3 yrs of age Only 10-15% of children show acute gingivostomatitis OTHERS ARE ASYMTOMATIC About 75% of the adults show +ve for HSV 1 infection HSV 1 infections include -i. Oropharyngeal . Children - very painful . due to kissing of elders . acute gingivostomatitis . problem of feeding . Dermal - mainly among the health care workers - Herpetic whitlow - painful - heals without treatment - no pus/is it necessary to do a stain - Herpes gladiatorum - among wrestlers - eczema herpeticum
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Iii. Ophthalmic - Keratoconjunctivitis with dendritic ulcers - Repeated attacks can lead to blindness 1V. Meningitis and encephalitis HSV 2 infections include Genital - male and female Male - metaus with dysuria (you may not see ?) - hepatic proctitis Females - infection of the labia/vulva/perineus - cervicitis Neonatal infections At what stage ? Immune response There will be IgM and IgG BUT NOT PROTECTIVE
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High antibody titres do not prevent latent infections Latent infections - recurrent herpes labialis - acute keratoconjunctivitis Recurrent lesions may lead to - dendritic ulcers - corneal ulcers Laboratory diagnosis Mucocutaneous lesions can be diagnosed clinically Useful genital & eye infections HVZ & HSV in immunocompromised patients herpes encephalitis Specimens aspirate from vesicle scraping from base of ulcer serum / CSF for antibody
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EM detection Cell culture Stained smears - for multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions
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HERPES VARICELLA ZOSTER HVZ Causes chicken pox -fever + characteristic rash variable incubation period 14-21 days usually mild in children and more severe in adults complications secondary infection - uncommon varicella pneumonia seconday bacterial pneumonia S aureus & pneumococci post-infetious encephalitis generalised varicella (in immunocompromised patients) congenital and neonatal varicella
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HERPES ZOSTER Reactivation of HVZ dermatomal distribution may recur can disseminate in immunocompromised patients complications post herpetic pain ophthalmic zoster -corneal scarring and loss of vision DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL EM of vesicle fluid SEROLOGY IgM detection
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Prevention of Chickenpox Susceptible population children adults living in close proximity Do nothing Immunize live attenuated vaccine Protect if contact with patient with chickenpox and at risk of severe disease Zoster Immune Globulin (ZIG)
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EPSTEIN BARR VIRUSEBV Discovered in 1964 by Epstein & colleagues Definite association with malignancy is able to ‘transform’ cells resulting in ‘immortalization” of cell 2 types of virus A & B which may co-exist in same person
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Replication and induction of antigens Infection EBNA EMA Persistent infection EA VCA Late MA LYSIS EBNA - EB nuclear antigen MA - membrane antigen VCA -Viral capsid antigen EA - Early antigen
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Infectious mononucleosis Affects adolescents and young adults worldwide distribution called ‘kissing’ disease IP - one month presents with fever, sore throat, rash & lymph nodes COMPLICATIONS ampicillin rash guillain barre syndrome rupture of spleen DIAGNOSIS raised wbc with >20% lymphocytes Paul-Bunnell test (heterophile antibodies) or monospot
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Syndromes caused by EBV Burkitts lymphoma children 4-12 years subsaharan Africa and New Guinea Nasopharyngeal carcinoma adults 20-50 years old southern China B cell lymphome children and adults primary immunodeficiency patients with AIDS
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Cytomegalovirus infections Ubiquitous virus most populations -infections in early childhood often asymtomatic Latency Clinical disease increasing due to increasing number of immunocompromised patients
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Foetus transmission from mother via placenta clinically normal 80% causes congenital CMV death 1% Cytomegalic inclusion disease % late onset hearing defect / mental retardardation 15% Infant transmission during birth or breast feeding usually asymptomatic Cytomegalovirus infections
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Young children transmission from other children usually asymptomatic adolescent/adult transmission during kissing, sexual intercourse or blood transfusion occasionally IM like syndrome immunocompromised Exogenous PRIMARY INFECTION Endogenous REACTIVATION pneumonitis, GI infection Cytomegalovirus infections
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Diagnosis presence of virus or antibody to CMV does not indicate that current disease is due to CMV Different strategies used in different clinical situations isolation of virus from urine within 30 days of birth * antigen detection in buffy coat - indicates viraemia Cytomegalovirus infections DIFFICULT Congenital CMV immunocompromised patient * CMV specific Ig G positive indicates past infection
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OTHER HUMAN HERPES VIRUSES HHV6 Discovered in 1988 Worldwide virus replicates in T and B cells infection occurs in first 3 years of life Clinical Exanthem subitum (roseola infantosum) mild acute febrile illness incubation period of 2 weeks fever lasts several days macular papular rash appears within 2 days of fever 85% of adults carry virus in saliva
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HHV7 isolated from CD4 positive cells virus present in saliva of >75% of adults role in disease unclear Evidence of infection present (seroconversion) HHV8 detected in epithelial cells of Kaposi sarcoma also present in semen postulated as cause of Kaposi sarcoma OTHER HUMAN HERPES VIRUSES