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Genetic Variation PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical titled "Genetic Variation”.

This medical is about genetic variation, the differences that exist between individuals or populations in their DNA sequences. These variations can arise from a number of sources, including mutations, recombination, and genetic drift.

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to environmental factors, such as radiation or chemicals. Mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or neutral, and they can occur in any part of the genome, including coding regions, regulatory regions, and non-coding regions.

Recombination is the process by which genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. This can result in the creation of new combinations of alleles that were not present in the parental chromosomes.

Genetic drift is the random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population due to chance events, such as the death of individuals or the migration of individuals into or out of the population. Genetic drift is more likely to occur in small populations and can lead to the fixation of alleles that are neither beneficial nor harmful.

Together, these processes contribute to the genetic variation that exists within and between populations. This variation can have important consequences for the health and fitness of individuals and populations, as well as for their ability to adapt to changing environments.

Tags : genetic variation, DNA sequence, genetic drift, Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics

Published on : Jun 01, 2023 | Views : 640 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Genetic Variation www.alsa.org
Slide 2-

Goal To learn the basic genetic mechanisms that determines the traits expressed by individuals in a population
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Natural Selection Theory Variation in a population of organisms Results of Mutations Results of Immigration Result of survival features of individual organisms
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Natural Selection Theory Environments are dynamic Changing resources Climate (long term weather) Natural disasters
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Natural Selection Theory Selective Pressure Environmental changes can cause pressure Organisms unable to adapt quickly enough will die Organisms that adapt are able to pass on their successful traits to future generations
Slide 6-

Natural Selection Theory Isolation If one portion of a population is separated from another portion then a new species may evolve
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Natural Selection Theory Mechanisms for population change Key to change is variation among the individuals in the population Individuals are unique due to their genes
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Genetics
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Genetics Nucleic Acids Huge molecules that hold information DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the nucleic acid that holds all the genetic information for organisms ghr.nlm.nih.gov
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DNA Genetic code of all living things Complete set of blueprints and operating instructions for assembling and managing one particular kind of organism Has four basic building blocks Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)
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DNA A and T can only bond with each other G and C can only bond with each other When four bases bond together in a long chain they form a double helix (ladder) Typical DNA molecule may be about 5 cm long
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DNA DNA found in the nucleus of the cell DNA is coiled into a compact structure called a chromosome Every cell in every plant and animal has a completed set of chromosomes that define the organism Every time the cell divides to produce two daughter cells the complete set of chromosomes is produced
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Chromosome, Gene, DNA www.phoenix5.org
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Genes determine traits Genes: are the units of heredity that is a sequence of bases (A,T,G,C) that give instructions on how to assemble a certain protein Genes are the sugars, phosphates, and bases along the DNA strand in the chromosome The proteins go to the cells to make things such as fats, bone, muscle, nerves, and everything else in a living organism
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Alleles www.monteweston.com
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Alleles Each gene has two copies which are called the alleles. (2 alleles= 1 gene) Dominant allele the allele that controls what will happen or which trait will be exhibited (Capital Letter) Recessive allele the allele that is “overruled” and this trait or function will not be seen because of the dominant allele (Lower case letter).
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Punnett Squares A technique for predicting the characteristics of offspring Example of Punnett Square
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Punnett Square Always put the dominant allele (G) before the recessive allele (g) so you would write Gg Results: One homozygous dominant (GG) Two heterozygous (Gg) One homozygous recessive (gg)
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Discovery of Heredity Gregor Mendel Scientist pioneer to work with pea plants to show how a species can exhibit certain characteristics from one generation to the next. He was the scientist to support the idea of dominant (capital letter) and recessive (lower case letter) traits. history.nih.gov kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca
Slide 20-

Genotype Genotype Genotype is the genetic makeup of the organism (genes/letters) Example: (letters represent trait…color in this case) Pea flower color B=dominant allele (purple), b=recessive allele (white) A purple offspring would have either a BB or Bb genotype A white offspring would only have a bb genotype www.eastbaymom.com
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Phenotype Phenotype: how the organisms looks (trait/picture) Example: purple flower, white flower, tall plant, short plant
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Inheritance Inheritance is passing genetic information from one generation to the next You inherited alleles from your parents