Download Free Medical Forensic Toxicology-Ethyl Alcohol PowerPoint Presentation

Forensic Toxicology-Ethyl Alcohol PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY - ETHYL ALCOHOL". This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about Ethyl alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that can impair judgment, coordination, and motor skills. It is also a psychoactive substance that can cause changes in mood and behavior. In forensic toxicology, the presence and concentration of ethyl alcohol in biological specimens can be used to determine if a person was under the influence of alcohol at the time of an incident.

Tags : FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY, ETHYL ALCOHOL, central nervous system depressant, psychoactive substance

Published on : Mar 15, 2023 | Views : 1549 | Downloads : 4

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY ETHYL ALCOHOL
Slide 2-

TOXICOLOGY The study of poisons
Slide 3-

TOXICOLOGISTS Detect and identify drugs and poisons in body fluids, tissues, and organs
Slide 4-

ENVIRONMENTALTOXICOLOGISTS
Slide 5-

OCCUPATIONALTOXICOLOGISTS
Slide 6-

FORENSIC TOXICOLOGISTS-duties limited to legal issues Workplace drug testing - Postmortem drug testing Investigation of contraband materials
Slide 7-

TOXICOLOGY OF ALCOHOL A CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANT
Slide 8-

90 MILLION AMERICANS DRINK.. 10 MILLION HAVE A “DRINKING PROBLEM”
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

EFFECTS OF ETHYL ALCOHOLON THE HUMAN BODY PRINCIPAL EFFECT IS ON THE
Slide 11-

FOREBRAIN IS AFFECTED FIRST reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
Slide 12-

REAR PORTIONS ARE AFFECTED NEXT movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech
Slide 13-

… FINALLY THE MEDULLA IS AFFECTED
Slide 14-

LOWERS INHIBITIONS In one study of unplanned pregnancies in 14-21 year olds, 1/3 of the girls who had gotten pregnant had been drinking when they had sex; 91% of them reported that the sex was unplanned. Half of all newly-reported AIDS cases are for young people ages 14-21…
Slide 15-

IMPAIRS JUDGEMENT 40% OF TRAFFIC FATALITIES INVOLVE ALCOHOL
Slide 16-

LONG-TERM EFFECTS HEALTHY LIVER CIRRHOTIC LIVER JAUNDICED KIDNEYS
Slide 17-

ABSORPTION INTO THE BLOODSTREAM 20% OF ALCOHOL IS ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM ACROSS THE WALLS OF THE STOMACH 80% IS ABSORBED ACROSS THE WALLS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
Slide 18-

FACTORS THAT AFFECTHOW FASTALCOHOLIS ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM
Slide 19-

TIME TAKEN TO CONSUME THE DRINK
Slide 20-

ALCOHOL CONTENT OF THE DRINK
Slide 21-

TYPE OF ALCOHOL ABSORBED SLOWLY ABSORBED FASTER
Slide 22-

AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMED
Slide 23-

AMOUNT AND TYPE OF FOOD IN
Slide 24-

WEIGHT OF DRINKER
Slide 25-

SEX OF DRINKER
Slide 26-

ALCOHOL DISTRIBUTESONLY TO WATERY AREAS
Slide 27-

ONE DRINK IS EQUAL TO.. ONE
Slide 28-

Maximum blood-alcohol concentrations in the blood may not be reached until after time of consumption TO 90 MIN IS AVERAGE
Slide 29-

Under NORMAL SOCIAL DRINKING conditions It takes anywhere from 30 – 90 minutes from the time of the final drink until absorption is complete
Slide 30-

Since alcohol is distributed through the watery portions of the body Other organs may be tested for alcohol
Slide 31-

ELIMINATION OF “BURN-OFF” RATE 0.015% - 0.020% w/v per hour (0.015% is .015 g alcohol per 100 ml blood) 1 – 1½ DRINKS PER HOUR
Slide 32-

OXIDATION AROUND 95% OF ALCOHOL THAT ENTERS THE BODY IS OXIDIZED IN THE LIVER Alcohol → acetaldehyde → acetic acid→ CO2 + H2O
Slide 33-

EXCRETION Is the elimination of alcohol in UNCHANGED STATE 5%
Slide 34-

Blood Alcohol Content
Slide 35-

Measuring Breath for BAC Amount of Alcohol EXHALED is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the Concentration of alcohol in the BLOOD
Slide 36-

Two ways to measure alcoholin the body: INDIRECT METHOD DIRECT METHOD:
Slide 37-

ANATOMY ARTERIES VEINS CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART CARRY BLOOD TO THE HEART
Slide 38-

ppt slide no 38 content not found
Slide 39-

Alcohol travels through the body: 20% of alcohol is Absorbed from walls of stomach To veins
Slide 40-

80% passes from walls of small intestine to Veins to liver (Small intestine)
Slide 41-

ppt slide no 41 content not found
Slide 42-

In ALVEOLI oxygen enters the blood and CO2 leaves it
Slide 43-

At 340 C The ratio of alcohol in the blood To alcohol in the alveoli is 2100:1
Slide 44-

1 ml of blood contains the Same amount of alcohol as 2100 ml alveolar breath
Slide 45-

DURING ABSORPTION: CONCENTRATION OF ALCOHOL IN ARTERIAL BLOOD WILL BE CONSIDERABLY HIGHER THAN VENOUS BLOOD (dark red color) During elimination, venous blood has higher BAC
Slide 46-

THE BREATHALYZER Measures ALCOHOL CONTENT of ALVEOLAR BREATH
Slide 47-

THE BREATHALYZER INDIRECTLY MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL CONSUMED BY MEASURING THE ABSORPTION OF LIGHT USING A SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Slide 48-

HOW IT WORKS: 16 H+(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq) + 3 C2H5OH(l) → (orange) (alcohol) 4 Cr3+(aq) + 3 CH3COOH(aq) + 11 H2O(l) (green) UNUSED ORANGE MIXES WITH GREEN PRODUCED TO MAKE A BLUE SOLUTION
Slide 49-

In other words…. ORANGE + ALCOHOL → GREEN (Cr2O72-(aq)) Little or no alcohol: ORANGE Some alcohol: BLUE (orange + green ) A lot of alcohol: GREEN or GREENISH BLUE The HIGHER the concentration of alcohol, the LOWER the concentration of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Slide 50-

FIELD SOBRIETY TESTS are performed to find the degree of impairment and whether an evidential test is justified
Slide 51-

ALCOHOL GAZE NYSTAGMUS ALCOHOL GAZE NYSTAGMUS (HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL) INVOLUNTARY JERKING OF THE EYE AS EYE MOVES FROM LOOKING STRAIGHT TO LOOKING UP & DOWN OR LOOKING TO THE SIDE
Slide 52-

WALK & TURN TEST DIVIDED - ATTENTION TASKS
Slide 53-

ONE-LEG BALANCE
Slide 54-

ANALYSIS OF BLOOD FOR ALCOHOL
Slide 55-

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY USED IN FORENSIC LABS
Slide 56-

IN HOSPITALS.. A CHEMICAL REACTION IS CARRIED OUT IN THE LAB
Slide 57-

COLLECTIONANDPRESERVATIONOFBLOOD
Slide 58-

NON-ALCOHOLIC DISINFECTANTS ANTICOAGULANTS PRESERVATIVES REFRIGERATION SEALED AIR-TIGHT CONTAINERS
Slide 59-

ALCOHOL AND THE LAW
Slide 60-

BLOOD TOXICATION LEVELS OVER 21:
Slide 61-

UNDER 21 .02 or higher
Slide 62-

ppt slide no 62 content not found
Slide 63-

ppt slide no 63 content not found
Slide 64-

INCREASED DRIVING RISK
Slide 65-

ppt slide no 65 content not found
Slide 66-

REFUSE TO TAKE A TESTFOR ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AUTOMATIC LOSS OF LICENSE FOR ONE YEAR AN ADDITIONAL LOSS OF LICENSE FOR ONE YEAR IF CONVICTED IMPLIED CONSENT LAW
Slide 67-

PA DUI LAWS Three tiered system: Fines, jail time depend on the amount of alcohol in the body (BAC) and if there have been any previous convictions .08 0.1-0.159 0.16 and up
Slide 68-

ARD (Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition The ARD program consists of the following: up to 12-month license suspension community service restitution 6-month court supervision attendance at Alcohol Highway Safety School and its costs CRN evaluation court and administrative costs treatment and other conditions that a judge may impose Persons with any prior convictions are not eligible for ARD
Slide 69-

HOMICIDE BY VEHICLE WHILE DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE Section 3735 of the Pennsylvania Vehicle Code Any person who unintentionally causes the death of another person as the result of… driving under the influence of alcohol or controlled substance and who is convicted of violating [the law regarding driving under the influence] is guilty of a felony of the second degree when the violation is the cause of death. The penalty is a mandatory sentence of 3-10 years incarceration and consecutive 3-10 year terms for each victim whose death is a result. The fine may be as high as $25,000 per victim.
Slide 70-

25% of teen drivers killed in 2003 had a blood alcohol concentration of .08 or greater. A BAC of .08 is the level which all states define drunk driving.
Slide 71-

ppt slide no 71 content not found
Slide 72-

More than 1,700 college students in the U.S. are killed each year—about 4.65 a day— as a result of alcohol- related injuries.
Slide 73-

Alcohol poisoning most often occurs as a result of the rapid intake of alcohol, also known as binge drinking. This high amount of alcohol can lead to seizures, choking, an irregular heart beat and even death.
Slide 74-

Signs of Alcohol Poisoning Confusion Slow reflexes Unable to communicate effectively Slurring in speech Rapid pulse Feeling sick, vomiting Dehydration Unconsciousness Moist, clammy skin Inability to walk Pale, blue colored skin
Slide 75-

What are the Effects of Alcohol Poisoning? The effects of alcohol poisoning can be devastating, especially if the drinker becomes unconscious. In fact, numerous deaths have occurred as a result of an unconscious person choking on their own vomit or breathing in vomit. Possible effects of alcohol poisoning include: Irregular heart beat Choking (from vomiting) Coma Decrease in body temperature (hypothermia) Brain damage Seizure Strange breathing patterns Inhalation of vomit causing a halt in breathing patterns (asphyxiation) Death
Slide 76-

5 Steps to Take if Someone You Know Has Alcohol Poisoning Call 911 or a local poison control center if you think someone you know has alcohol poisoning. Stay with the person. Never leave a severely intoxicated person alone. Turn the person onto their side to prevent choking if vomiting occurs. Monitor breathing levels. If you know CPR, be prepared to use this skill in case of an emergency. Continually try to revive the person if they are passed out.
Slide 77-

EXPUNGEMENT is a legal process through which an arrest or conviction may be erased from a person's criminal record.
Slide 78-

In Pennsylvania: Juvenile DUIs
Slide 79-

PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONSEQUENCES
Slide 80-

75 % OF EVIDENCE NOW BEING EVALUATED IN U.S. CRIME LABS IS DRUG-RELATED 90% of drugs tested in a toxicology lab