Fetal Surgery in Maternal-Fetal Medicine: An Overview

Fetal Surgery in Maternal-Fetal Medicine: An Overview PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Fetal Surgery in Maternal-Fetal Medicine: An Overview
Fetal surgery, a cutting-edge approach in maternal-fetal medicine, offers life-saving interventions for specific congenital anomalies before birth. This presentation, "Fetal Surgery in Maternal-Fetal Medicine: An Overview," provides insights into the different types of fetal surgeries, including open fetal surgery, minimally invasive fetoscopy, and the EXIT (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment) procedure.
Focused on high-risk pregnancies, this presentation explores the conditions treated by fetal surgery, such as spina bifida, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Learn about the roles of each specialist involved in the multidisciplinary fetal surgery team, from maternal-fetal medicine specialists and pediatric surgeons to anesthesiologists and neonatologists. Additionally, we delve into the benefits, risks, ethical considerations, and recent advancements in technology, such as 3D imaging and robotic-assisted techniques.
Designed for healthcare professionals and students, this presentation highlights the impact of fetal surgery in improving neonatal outcomes and quality of life. By understanding the capabilities and challenges of fetal surgery, medical professionals can better support families facing complex prenatal diagnoses and make informed decisions in fetal care.

Tags : Fetal Surgery, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, High-Risk Pregnancy, Spina Bifida, Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, Congenital Anomalies, Prenatal Intervention

Published on : Nov 26, 2024 | Views : 18 | Downloads : 0

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Fetal Surgery in Maternal-Fetal Medicine Dr. Priya Kapoor Gynaecologist and Obstetrician An Overview of In-Utero Surgical Interventions
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Introduction to Fetal Surgery Fetal surgery refers to surgical interventions performed on the fetus within the womb. Aims to treat life-threatening or disabling congenital anomalies before birth. Part of the field of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, a subspecialty focusing on high-risk pregnancies. Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery is an emerging field that allows for treatment of certain conditions before birth, improving outcomes for both the fetus and the mother. It requires a highly specialized team and advanced technology. Reference: Adzick, N. S. (2013). Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: Trials and tribulations. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 33(4), 255-261.
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Types of Fetal Surgery Open Fetal Surgery: Full surgical exposure of the fetus by opening the uterus. Minimally Invasive Fetoscopy: Small incisions, camera-guided, often with specialized instruments. EXIT Procedure (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment): Performed during delivery for certain conditions requiring immediate intervention after birth. Speaker Notes: Different types of fetal surgery allow for various approaches depending on the condition. Open surgery is more invasive, while minimally invasive fetoscopy is often preferred due to lower risks. Reference: Moldenhauer, J. S., & Adzick, N. S. (2017). Fetal surgery: Principles, indications, and evidence. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 26(5), 192-198.
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Conditions Treated by Fetal Surgery Spina Bifida (Myelomeningocele): Surgical repair of the spinal defect to improve neurological outcomes. Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS): Laser ablation of placental vessels to balance blood flow between twins. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH): Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion to support lung growth. Congenital Heart Defects: Various interventions to support heart function. Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery is used to treat specific conditions that, if left untreated, could lead to severe disabilities or even death. Each condition requires a specialized approach. Reference: Adzick, N. S., Thom, E. A., Spong, C. Y., Brock, J. W., Burrows, P. K., & Johnson, M. P. (2011). A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(11), 993-1004.
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The Fetal Surgery Team Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist: Manages high-risk pregnancy and surgery coordination. Pediatric Surgeon: Performs the fetal surgery. Anesthesiologist: Provides anesthesia to both mother and fetus. Neonatologist: Manages newborn care post-delivery. Nursing and Support Staff: Provide critical support during and after the procedure. Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery requires a multidisciplinary team to address the complex needs of both mother and fetus. Each member plays a critical role in the success of the procedure and post-surgical care. Reference: Farmer, D. L., & Adzick, N. S. (2003). Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele: Developmental biology, innovations, and clinical practice. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 12(3), 164-172.
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Benefits of Fetal Surgery Corrects or mitigates life-threatening conditions before birth. Improves neonatal outcomes, reduces disability risks. Can reduce need for extensive surgeries after birth. Enhances quality of life by addressing conditions early. Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery has been shown to improve outcomes significantly. For example, repairing spina bifida in utero improves neurological function and reduces the need for interventions postnatally. Reference: Deprest, J., Flake, A., Gratacos, E., Ville, Y., Hecher, K., & Nicolaides, K. (2010). The making of fetal surgery. Prenatal Diagnosis, 30(7), 667-675.
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Risks and Challenges of Fetal Surgery Risks to the mother: infection, preterm labor, uterine rupture. Risks to the fetus: miscarriage, complications from anesthesia, potential for further complications after birth. Requires highly specialized facilities and experienced staff. Speaker Notes: Despite its benefits, fetal surgery carries risks, including preterm labor and infection. Careful consideration is needed, and the surgery should only be performed in specialized centers. Reference: Quintero, R. A., Morales, W. J., Allen, M. H., Bornick, P. W., Johnson, P. K., & Kruger, M. (2000). Staging of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. The Journal of Perinatology, 20(8 Pt 1), 550-555.
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Ethical Considerations Balancing risks and benefits to both mother and fetus. Informed consent: explaining risks, benefits, and alternative treatments. Ethical dilemmas when outcomes are uncertain or risky. Parental decision-making in high-stakes scenarios. Speaker Notes: Ethical considerations are essential in fetal surgery, as the risks involve both the mother and fetus. Ensuring parents have comprehensive information and understand all possible outcomes is crucial. Reference: Johnson, J., & Resnik, R. (2002). Fetal surgery: Ethical considerations. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 45(3), 737-743.
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Recent Advances in Fetal Surgery Advances in imaging (3D ultrasound, MRI) for accurate diagnosis. Improved surgical techniques (fetoscopy, robotic-assisted procedures). Better anesthesia protocols for safer maternal-fetal anesthesia. Experimental gene therapy approaches for specific conditions. Speaker Notes: Advances in imaging and surgical techniques have allowed fetal surgery to become more precise and less invasive, increasing safety and success rates for both the mother and fetus. Reference: Olutoye, O. O., & Belfort, M. A. (2013). Recent advances in fetal intervention. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 22(2), 73-76.
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Case Studies in Fetal Surgery Case Study 1: Spina Bifida Repair – Improved mobility outcomes. Case Study 2: TTTS – Successful laser ablation leading to healthier twins. Case Study 3: CDH – Increased lung development following fetoscopic tracheal occlusion. Speaker Notes: These case studies highlight how fetal surgery can significantly alter outcomes, such as improving mobility for spina bifida patients and enhancing lung development in CDH cases. Reference: Adzick, N. S., et al. (2011). A randomized trial of prenatal versus postnatal repair of myelomeningocele. The New England Journal of Medicine, 364(11), 993-1004.
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Key Takeaways
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Fetal surgery represents a revolutionary approach to maternal-fetal medicine. Continued advancements in technology and training improve outcomes. Future directions include minimally invasive techniques and genetic interventions. Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery is a promising field with ongoing advancements. With more research, there’s potential for even less invasive techniques and expanded treatment options for more conditions.
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Thank You

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