Download Free Medical Exercise Physiology and Fitness PowerPoint Presentation

Exercise Physiology and Fitness PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Exercise and Fitness, which is titled "Exercise Physiology and Fitness", to know about the role of physical activity and exercise in achieving physical fitness and health.

Tags : Exercise, Fitness, Physiology, physical activity, physical fitness, health

Published on : Jul 12, 2021 | Views : 3883 | Downloads : 21

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Exercise Physiology and Fitness What is exercise physiology? What is the role of physical activity and exercise in achieving physical fitness and health? How do you use the FITT formula to design a fitness program? What are the contributors and deterrents to fitness?
Slide 2-

Exercise Physiology The study of the effects of exercise on the body. Body’s responses and adaptations to exercises System to subcellular level Acute (short term) to chronic (long term) adaptations Population served Elite performer People of all ages and abilities
Slide 3-

Historical Development Specialized area of study mid 1960s and 1970s. Late 1800s, the use of anthropometry to measure changes in students’ development after training programs. McKenzie: Investigating effects of exercise on various systems of the body and the idea of preventative medicine (early 1900s) After WWII: increased interest in fitness as a result of youth fitness tests and the results of the physicals of men in the military.
Slide 4-

Historical Development 1970s: American Physiological Society recognized exercise physiology as a specialized area of physiology. 1974: ACSM: Guidelines for Graded Exercise Testing and Prescription 1980s and 1990s: Understanding of the relationship between physical activity and health. 1996: 2000: 1st certification exams for Clinical Exercise Physiologists Healthy People 2010
Slide 5-

Areas of Study Effects of various exercises on various systems of the body Relationship of energy metabolism to performance Effectiveness of training programs Effects of environmental factors Effects of individual differences on fitness development and performance
Slide 6-

Areas of Study Identification of factors that limit performance Effectiveness of various rehabilitation programs Ergogenic aids and exercise Health and therapeutic effects associated with exercise Effects of nutrition on performance
Slide 7-

Specialization Cardiac rehabilitation Assessment of cardiovascular functioning Prevention of cardiovascular disease Rehabilitation of individuals with the disease Exercise biochemistry Effects of exercise at the cellular level Exercise epidemiology: Relationship between physical activity and mortality Pediatric exercise science:Scientific study of the response of the body to exercise during childhood and maturation.
Slide 8-

Physical Fitness Ability of the body’s systems to function efficiently and effectively. One is “physically fit” if they have the ability to: “carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies.”
Slide 9-

Physical Fitness Health fitness Body composition Cardiorespiratory endurance Flexibility Muscular endurance Muscular strength Performance or skill-related fitness Agility Balance Coordination Power Reaction Time Speed
Slide 10-

Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Health Hypokinetic diseases Diseases caused by insufficient physical activity, often in conjunction with inappropriate dietary practices. Dose-response debate What kind of activity? How much time spent in activity? At what intensity should it be performed? How often in order to see benefits?
Slide 11-

Physical Activity and Health 1996: : “Individuals who engage in moderate intensity exercise for at least 30 minutes for most, or preferably all, days of the week, can improve their health and decrease their risk for disease.” Additional health benefits can be derived from increasing the time and/or intensity of physical activity. It’s never too late to be active!
Slide 12-

Health Benefits Enhanced cardiovascular function Reduction of many cardiovascular disease risk factors Increase ability to perform tasks of daily living Reduced risk of muscle and joint injury Improved work performance Improved physical appearance,self-image, and sound mental health
Slide 13-

Health Benefits Reduction of susceptibility to depression and anxiety Management of stress Enhancement of self-concept and esteem Socialization through participation in physical activities Improved overall general motor performance Energy Resistance to fatigue Mitigate the debilitating effects of old-age or retain a more desirable level of health for a longer period of time
Slide 14-

Energy Production for Physical Activity Use of ATP as energy to perform muscular activity. Two ways to produce ATP: Anaerobic system Without oxygen High energy expenditure, short time (6-60 seconds) Aerobic system With oxygen Lower rate of energy expenditure, longer period of time (more than 3 minutes)
Slide 15-

Principles of Fitness Training Principle of overload To improve, one must perform more than one’s normal amount of exercise. Principle of specificity Programs should be designed in relation to specific goals in mind. Individual’s initial fitness level Assess initial level of fitness to design realistic program and a starting point. Progression of program Increase program as individual becomes adjusted.
Slide 16-

Principles of Fitness Training Individual differences Individual’s work, diet, lifestyle, and management of stress should be taken into consideration. Warm-up, workout, cooldown components Helps prevent injury and prepares body for exercise as well as returns it to a normal state. Safety Information collected from medical screening, and informing individual of environmental conditions Behavioral factors Motivation of individual to adhere to fitness program
Slide 17-

Planning a Fitness Program Threshold of training Minimal level of exercise needed to achieve desired benefits. Target zone Defines the upper limits of training and the optimal level of exercise. FITT formula Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type Manipulate these factors to produce an individualized exercise program. Needs and goals of individual Program should meet the goals of the individual
Slide 18-

FITT formula Frequency Number of sessions each week Intensity Degree of effort put forth by the individual during exercise. Time Duration of activity Type Mode of exercise being performed
Slide 19-

Cardiorespiratory Endurance Body’s ability to deliver oxygen effectively to the working muscles to perform physical activity. Most important component of health fitness. Helps prevent hypokinetic disease. Concerned with the aerobic efficiency of the body.
Slide 20-

Cardiorespiratory Endurance Frequency: 3 to 5 times per week Intensity: 60% to 90% HRMAX Time: 20 - 30 minutes Type: Aerobic activities Jogging Running Walking Dancing Cross Country Skiing Biking Swimming
Slide 21-

Target Zone HRMAX=220 bpm - age Target zone = 60% to 90% HRMAX Lower threshold target HR= HRMAX x 60% Upper threshold target HR= HRMAX x 90% Calculations for a 20-year-old HRMAX =220-20=200 bpm Lower threshold = 200 bpm x 60%=120 bpm Upper threshold = 200 bpm x 90%=180 bpm
Slide 22-

Body Composition Percentage of body weight composed of fat as compared with fat-free or lean tissue. Determined by height and weight tables or BMI Obesity is associated with numerous health problems and earlier mortality. In 1999, and estimated 61% of adults were either overweight or obese, and 13% of children were overweight. Determination of the cause of obesity is important.
Slide 23-

Body Composition Body composition is primarily influenced by nutrition and physical activity. Energy balance is important to achieving a favorable body composition. Energy expenditure through: basal metabolism (maintenance of essential life functions) work (including exercise) excretion of body wastes
Slide 24-

Body Composition Percent Body Fat
Slide 25-

Energy Balance Number of calories taken into the body as food -Number of calories expended Energy or caloric balance Caloric expenditure Neutral balance Caloric intake equals expenditure. Positive balance More calories consumed than expended. Negative balance More calories are expended than consumed.
Slide 26-

Body Composition Improvement Decreasing percentage of fat Decrease caloric intake through diet. Increase caloric expenditure through physical activity and exercise. Moderate decrease in caloric intake and moderate increase in caloric expenditure. Follow sound practices Obsession with weight loss, in conjunction with many other factors, may contribute to the development of an eating disorder.
Slide 27-

Measurement of Body Composition Hydrostatic weighing Skinfold measurements Skinfold caliper from selected sites  Use of formulas to calculate percentage of body fat Body mass index (BMI) height-to-weight ratio
Slide 28-

Muscular Strength and Endurance Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle or a muscle group to exert a single force against a resistance. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force repeatedly or over a period of time. Maintenance of proper posture; protect joints. Production of power to enhance performance. Use it of lose it!
Slide 29-

Exercises Isometric exercises Muscle exerts force against an immovable object. Static contraction Isotonic exercises Force is generated while the muscle is changing in length. Concentric and Eccentric contractions Isokinetic exercises Contractions are performed at a constant velocity. Cybex and Orthotron machines
Slide 30-

Development of Muscular Strength and Endurance Principle of Overload is critical. Repetition is the performance of a movement through the full range of motion. Set is the number of repetitions of performed without rest. Strength Low number of repetitions with a heavy resistance. Endurance High number of repetitions with a low resistance. FITT
Slide 31-

Flexibility Maximum range of motion possible at a joint Joint specific: better range of motion in some joints than in others. Can prevent muscle injuries; improve low-back pain Decreased flexibility can be caused by: Sedentary lifestyle (lack of use of muscles) Age High amounts of body fat Stress
Slide 32-

Flexibility Improvement of flexibility Ballistic stretching Momentum generated from repeated bouncing to stretch. Not recommended- may overstretch the muscle. Static stretching Slowly moving into a stretching position and holding for a certain period of time (10-30 seconds; 5 times). Contract-relax technique Relaxing of the muscle to be stretched by contracting the opposite muscle (hamstrings/quadriceps) Measurement of flexibility-goniometer
Slide 33-

Conducting Fitness Programs Provide for cognitive and affective goals as well as physical activity. Make fitness enjoyable. Establish goals and a plan of action to attain them. Monitor progress. Provide for maintenance of fitness. Fitness requires personal commitment.
Slide 34-

Effects of Training Lower oxygen consumption Lower pulse rate Larger stroke volume Lower rise in blood pressure Slower respiration rate Lower rate of lactic acid formation Faster return to “normal”
Slide 35-

Effects of Training Greater cardiorespiratory efficiency. Greater endurance. More “work” can be performed at less cost. Improvement in fitness components. Coordination and timing of movements are better.
Slide 36-

Physical Activity & Health Adults - 30 minutes of physical activity equal to brisk walking on most, preferably all, days of the week. Activity of greater intensity will yield greater health benefits. Strength-developing activities at least twice a week.
Slide 37-

Environmental Considerations Hot and humid weather Use extreme caution Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke Fluid replacement Adaptation Extreme cold weather Heat conservation Hypothermia Frostbite
Slide 38-

Myths about Exercise and Weight Control Exercise burns relatively few calories. Exercise increases the appetite. Exercise can be used for spot-reducing. Passive exercise machines are not effective. Improper weight-loss approaches.
Slide 39-

Nutrition and Fitness Nutrients carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water Maintaining water balance is important. A well-balanced diet is necessary to obtain all the nutrients required by the body.
Slide 40-

Nutrition Food pyramid offers guidelines for eating a balanced diet. Current U.S. diet is too high in fat, cholesterol, sugar, and sodium and lacking in carbohydrates and fiber. Carefully monitor caloric intake AND caloric expenditure. Special diets for special situations.
Slide 41-

Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2000 Aim For Fitness Aim for a healthy weight. Be physically active each day. Build A Healthy Base Let the Pyramid guide your food choices. Eat a variety of grains, fruits, and vegetables daily. Keep food safe to eat. Choose Sensibly Choose a diet low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and moderate in total fat. Choose beverages and foods to moderate intake of sugars. Choose and prepare foods with less salt. Drink alcoholic beverages in moderation.
Slide 42-

Stress Management Stress is the body’s physiological response to demands placed on it. Nature of stressors (physical or cognitive) Nature of stress response (“fight or flight”) The critical role of perception in interpretation and management of stress Stress and its role in disease Coronary heart disease, cancer, hypertension, eating disorders, depression, etc.
Slide 43-

Stress Management Use stress to your advantage Approaches to manage stress Relaxation training Physical activity Cognitive strategies Time management Biofeedback Physical fitness contributes to stress resistance
Slide 44-

Deterrents to Fitness Dietary practices Tobacco Excessive alcohol consumption Use of drugs Inappropriate stress management approaches
Slide 45-

Tobacco and Fitness Over 430,000 premature deaths/ year are related to smoking. 25% of adults smoke. Children and teens constitute 90% of the new smokers. Average age of starting is 13. Second hand smoke contributes to 3,000 deaths of nonsmokers each year. Significant role in all cancers. Detracts from fitness
Slide 46-

Drug Abuse Use of an illicit drug or use of a legal drug in a manner that is harmful to health and well-being. Psychoactive drugs are most frequently abused. Those that alter one’s behaviors, feelings, and perceptions. Development of dependence. Health risks associated with drug abuse. Death as a result of overdose of severe reaction.
Slide 47-

Alcohol and Fitness Impact of alcohol on physical and psychological state, therefore it is a drug. Alcoholism is a serious disease affecting more than 10 million Americans. Liver damage, cardiovascular disease CNS impairment, malnutrition Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Negatively affects one’s body composition