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Evolution and Modern Molecular Biology Evidence PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Evolution and Modern Molecular Biology Evidence".
This medical PowerPoint presentation talks how modern molecular biology provides powerful evidence that supports the theory of evolution and the idea that all living things share a common ancestry.
The theory of evolution is supported by a vast amount of evidence from different fields of science, including modern molecular biology.

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Published on : Mar 27, 2023 | Views : 699 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Evolution and Modern Molecular Biology Evidence Leonard Brand, PhD Professor of Biology and Paleontology Department of Earth and Biological Sciences Loma Linda University
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History of scientific advance Darwin (mid-1800’s) Molecular biology unknown Genetics still decades in the future Neo-Darwinian Synthesis (the Modern Synthesis) 1930’s and 1940’s Synthesis of population biology, genetics, mathematical biology, and paleontology Molecular biology still in the future Molecular biology Especially since the 1950’s; rapid growth recently
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What do we know now that we didn’t know a few decades ago? Recent developments – last 5 to 10 years Rapid and spectacular advance in genetics and molecular biology
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Explanation of figures used in this presentation: the role of worldviews
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Microevolution Adaptation Changes within a species Macroevolution Evolution of new major groups of organisms – Orders, Classes, Phyla DEFINITIONS The same lizard species: different environments
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Microevolution Adaptation Changes within a species Macroevolution Evolution of new major groups of organisms – Orders, Classes, Phyla Microevolution is compatible with creation – it is adaptations since the creation Macroevolution is contrary to biblical creation
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How does microevolution work? What is the process? Accepted evolution theory: 1. Random mutations 2. Natural selection These two concepts are the core of Neo-Darwinism
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In Darwinian theory, the process must be random Nowhere in the process can there be foresight of what would be beneficial to the organism Only natural selection (a naturalistic process) determines which random change will succeed
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In Darwinian theory, the process must be random Nowhere in the process can there be foresight of what would be beneficial to the organism Foresight would imply creation or intelligent design An analogy of evolution
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Problems for Darwinian theory of random mutation and natural selection Problems are rapidly increasing, especially from advances in molecular biology
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Problem # 1 – what is junk DNA? About 98% of human DNA is called “silent DNA” because it does not produce protein This has been interpreted as junk DNA – functionless remnants of evolution This DNA is needed as a resource for making new genes
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Problem: the percent of “junk DNA” is proportional to organism complexity
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The percent of “junk DNA” is proportional to organism complexity Thus the “junk DNA” seems to be involved in producing that complexity
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Former: Junk DNA – functionless genetic remnants About 98% of human DNA is junk with no function – remnants of evolutionary history Current: Serious challenges to junk DNA
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September, 2012 Results of the massive Encode Project published Nature 489 (7414): 45-113, September 6, 2012. All or most “junk DNA” is regulatory DNA, controlling the protein- coding DNA
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“Junk DNA” is no longer even a useful concept The supposed junk DNA controls whether our protein-coding DNA will make a human, a chimpanzee, or a mouse
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Problem # 2 Evidence for the tree of life (common ancestry of all genes and organisms) – is facing serious setbacks
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Darwinian understanding of macroevolution requires that all new features arise by a long, gradual series of small changes The tree of life is claimed to be a record of this series of changes
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Problem: ORFan genes (orphan genes) – genes that seem to just appear with no evolutionary ancestry 10 – 20% of genes are orphan genes 1,000 of these in humans alone Some are very important; one is responsible for the large human brain (OG – orphan gene)
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Problem # 3: Epigenetics Epigenetics is a management system that determines how to use the DNA Sensors in the cell detect environmental factors Places chemical tags on the DNA (the little pink tags) They turn genes on and off, without changing the information in DNA
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Epigenetics Epigenetic effects can last for several generations
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Example: Blind cave fish – how did they become blind? Old explanation – random mutations destroyed sight
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Example: Blind cave fish – how did they become blind? Old explanation – random mutations destroyed sight New explanation – epigenetics Their eye genes are intact, but have been turned off No changes in the DNA
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Epigenetics is a problem for Darwinism, because: Epigenetic environmental influences initiate changes that are: Beneficial Inheritable Non-random
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Epigenetics is a problem for Darwinism, because: Epigenetic environmental influences initiate changes that are: Beneficial Inheritable Non-random How can this happen unless there is, somehow, intelligent awareness behind the design of this system?
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Problem # 4: Other new insights from molecular biology Darwinian random mutations and natural selection don’t work New genetic information must arise some other way
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“the Modern Evolutionary Synthesis included an ad hoc assumption about the random nature of hereditary variation.” Shapiro p. 142 “It requires great faith to believe that a process of random, accidental genome change could serve this function” (adaptation). Shapiro p. 134 “hereditary change results from . . . active cell processes rather than a series of random accidents.” Shapiro p. 129 Natural genetic engineering – “cells are now reasonably seen to operate teleologically (with purpose): their goals are survival, growth, and reproduction.” Shapiro p. 137 Shapiro. Evolution: A View from the 21st Century.
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How do these “new evolutionists” explain the evolution process? Active cell processes - not random accidents Shapiro p. 129 Natural genetic engineering – cells have goals - survival, growth, and reproduction.” Shapiro p. 137 The complex biochemistry in the cell “decides” how to interpret the DNA. Random mutations are not the source of genetic change
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An analogy to illustrate these new insights in molecular genetics
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Organisms have “stand-by” genetic information Potential for change
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Stand-by genetic information – example: genetic variability in dogs
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Dogs were created with enormous genetic variability: Cats have much less
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If random mutations (random damage) do occur, what is the most likely result?
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Macroevolution: is it just an accumulation of microevolution over time?
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New molecular evidence is pushing micro and macroevolution apart. Macroevolution is a different process: It is not just accumulated microevolution over time
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Problem # 5: Micro and macroevolution challenge naturalism Microevolution: Rapid, and more than a naturalistic processes
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And, macroevolution theory is collapsing
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How are evolutionary scientists responding to these challenges? No junk DNA Orphan genes Epigenetics Failure of Darwinism
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Epigenetics minimized or ignored Orphan genes not mentioned Epigenetics – the source of a new evolution theory Two groups of current evolution textbooks
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Macroevolution is facing increasingly serious challenges Eminent evolutionists, primarily molecular biologists, are raising those challenges and rejecting Darwinian theory So – Why do evolutionary biologists seem to be more committed to their theory than ever?
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Macroevolution is facing increasingly serious challenges Eminent evolutionists, primarily molecular biologists, are raising those challenges and rejecting Darwinian theory So – Why do evolutionary biologists seem to be more committed to their theory than ever? It is because of philosophy, not evidence
Slide 42-

Darwinian theory is collapsing, largely from the molecular challenges. Hard-line Darwinists are relying on commitment to their naturalistic philosophy (worldview)
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Conclusions Darwinian theory of evolution through random mutations and natural selection is facing deadly challenges There is a growing conflict within science, between hard-line Darwinists and the “new evolutionists” who recognize the collapse of Darwinism Creationists have increasing reasons to be confident of the literal creation of life forms God loves all persons. Be respectful of those we disagree with, even though we reject their beliefs about origins