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Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Colorectal Cancer, which is titled "Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer", to know about Colorectal Cancer.

Tags : Colorectal Cancer, Epidemiology

Published on : Jul 10, 2021 | Views : 927 | Downloads : 0

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2nd overall leading cause of cancer death in the United States 3rd in each sex Approximately 6% of individuals in the US will develop a cancer of the colon or rectum within their lifetime 944,717 incident cases worldwide in 2000
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Incidence rates for colorectal cancer differ by sub-sites
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Vast majority of colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are preceded by adenomas or adenomatous polyps in most cases Only around 10% of adenomas will develop into cancers, a process that takes at least 10 years
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147,500 colorectal cancer cases in 2003 105,500 colon 42,00 rectum 57,100 deaths from colorectal cancer Slight decreases in mortality rates since 1973 in both sexes
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Overall 5 year survival rate is 61.9% Differs by race, age, and distribution of disease Survival rates are lower among than blacks than whites 52.8% vs. 62.6% Survival rates are highest for localized cancers
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Incidence rates start to increase after age 35 with a rapid increase after age 50, when more than 90% of colorectal cancers develop
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Overall age-standardized incidence rates were 65.1 per 100,000 for men and 47.6 per 100,000 for women Male-female ratio=1.37 Mortality rates were also higher in men than women 25.4 versus 18.0 per 100,000
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Race and Ethnicity Higher rates and mortalities among blacks than whites Socioeconomic status Possible association between low SES and colorectal cancer mortality
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Fruit, Vegetables, and Fiber Majority of case-control studies have shown an association between higher intake of vegetables and lower cancer risk Recent large cohort studies have shown weak or non-existent association between fiber and colon cancer risk Folate Higher intake of folate has been relatively consistently associated with lower colon cancer risk
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Calcium Avoidance of low intakes of calcium may minimize risk of colon cancer Fat, Carbohydrates, and Proteins Excess energy intake leading to obesity increases the risk of colon cancer Possible association of red meat with increased risk
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Higher BMI is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer Approximately twofold higher risk in individuals who are overweight or obese
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Individuals who are more physically active have a decreased risk of colon cancer Some benefits appear to be independent of BMI Studies have shown dose-response relationship between physical activity and colorectal cancer Highest risk observed in persons who are both physically inactive and have high BMIs
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Alcohol Somewhat controversial, but appears that high alcohol intake increases risk Tobacco Most studies indicate excess risk in smokers
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Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) Rare, inherited, autosomal dominant syndrome Causes occurrence of multiple colorectal adenomas in individuals in their 20s and 30s that untreated, will lead to cancer Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) Autosomal dominant inherited disorder
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Family history of colorectal cancer History of adenomatous polyps Several low-penetrance genes Type 2 Diabetes Growth factors High insulin-like growth factors Hyperinsulinemia
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gallstones and Cholecystectomy Glucose Intolerance, Non-Insulin Dependen Diabetes Mellitus Acromegaly
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Prevention of smoking Prevention of weight gain Maintenance of a reasonable level of physical activity in adulthood Limit red and processed meats, high-fat dairy products, highly refined grains and starches, and sugars
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Early detection and removal of colorectal adenomas reduces risk of cancer Screening is recommended for adults beginning at age 50 Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) annually Sigmoidoscopy every 5 years Or Colonoscopy every 10 years For high risk individuals, screening should be tailored to their expected risk
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Research on modifiable hormonal pathways associated with greater risk Role of micronutrients such as calcium and folate and other agents Identification of genetic susceptibility
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Cancer Epidemiology, 3rd ed. 2006. Oxford University Press Centers for Disease Control American Cancer Society