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DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on DNA, which is titled "DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis", for an introduction to DNA fingerprinting and forensics.

Tags : DNA, Fingerprinting, Forensic Analysis, forensics

Published on : Jul 12, 2021 | Views : 1469 | Downloads : 6

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Slide 1-

DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis
Slide 2-

Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics Forensic science can be defined as the intersection of law and science First photography-then fingerprint- then, in 1985, DNA Fingerprinting
Slide 3-

DNA Fingerprint DNA fragments show unique patterns from one person to the next. Used in paternity disputes and as forensic evidence.
Slide 4-

Preparing a DNA Fingerprint Specimen Collection- Could be a licked envelope, dirty laundry, a cigarette butt, saliva Special precautions in handling specimens: gloves, disposable instruments, avoid talking and sneezing, avoid touching sample with your skin, air-dry the evidence before packaging so mold does not grow Enemies of evidence: sunlight, high temperatures, bacteria, moisture Ideal sample: 1 mL of fresh, whole blood (white blood cells) treated with EDTA
Slide 5-

RFLP Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Nucleotide sequence variations in a region of DNA that generates fragment length differences according to the presence or absence of restriction enzyme recognition sites.
Slide 6-

RFLP The RFLP fragments can be separated by gel electrophoresis.
Slide 7-

RFLP RFLP animation
Slide 8-

Southern Blot Molecular technique where DNA is transferred onto a membrane from an agarose gel and a probe is hybridized.
Slide 9-

Southern Blot The first step in preparing a Southern Blot is to cut genomic DNA and run on an agarose gel.
Slide 10-

Southern Blot The next step is to blot or transfer single stranded DNA fragments on to a nylon membrane.
Slide 11-

The next step is to hybridize a radioactively labeled DNA probe to specific sequences on the membrane. Southern Blot
Slide 12-

Southern Blot The last step is to expose the radioactively labeled membrane to a large sheet of film. You will only visualize bands where the probe hybridized to the DNA.
Slide 13-

Southern Blot Animation Southern Blot
Slide 14-

VNTR Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) sequences that are repeated multiple times and the number of repeats varies from person to person.
Slide 15-

VNTR VNTRs usually occur in introns VNTRs can be amplified by PCR and run on agarose gels to produce unique DNA fingerprints
Slide 16-

PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A lab technique used to amplify segments of DNA
Slide 17-

PCR Reaction requirements Template DNA – total genomic DNA isolated from an organism that contains a target region to be amplified DNA primers - Short pieces of single stranded DNA that flank the target Taq DNA polymerase - Attaches nucleotides on the growing strand of DNA Nucleotides (GATC) – Polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the template
Slide 18-

PCR Reactions are placed in a machine called a thermal cycler. The machine cycles through three temperatures.
Slide 19-

PCR Heat samples to 94°C for a minute or so to denature the double stranded template DNA.
Slide 20-

PCR Drop temperature to around 50 or 60°C to allow primers to anneal.
Slide 21-

PCR Maintain temperature at 72°C for a minute or two to allow the polymerase to elongate the new DNA strands.
Slide 22-

PCR The thermal cycler repeats the denaturing, annealing, and elongating temperatures approximately 30 times.
Slide 23-

PCR PCR amplification is logarithmic, meaning the number of copies of the target is doubled every cycle.
Slide 24-

PCR PCR animation
Slide 25-

Applications Diagnosing Disease
Slide 26-

Paternity Testing Applications
Slide 27-

Forensics Applications
Slide 28-

Crime Scene Victim Suspect Applications DNA Fingerprinting Animation
Slide 29-

Genealogy animation Genealogy Applications
Slide 30-

Applications Genealogy