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DNA and RNA PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical titled "DNA & RNA”.

This medical is about DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid), two types of nucleic acids that play critical roles in the genetic makeup and functioning of living organisms.

DNA is the genetic material that contains the instructions for the development, growth, and reproduction of all living things. It is a double-stranded molecule made up of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These bases pair up with each other in a specific manner, A with T and C with G, and the sequence of these base pairs encodes the genetic information.

RNA, on the other hand, is a single-stranded molecule that is involved in protein synthesis, gene expression regulation, and other cellular processes. It is made up of the same four nitrogenous bases as DNA, except that uracil (U) replaces thymine (T). There are three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into protein. tRNA helps in the synthesis of proteins by bringing amino acids to the ribosome, while rRNA makes up the structure of the ribosome.

In summary, DNA contains the genetic code that determines the characteristics of an organism, while RNA is involved in the expression of that genetic code to create the proteins that carry out the organisms functions.

Tags : DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid, RNA, Ribonucleic acid, nucleic acids, genetic makeup, Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics

Published on : Jun 01, 2023 | Views : 702 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

DNA & RNA
Slide 2-

The Vocabulary of DNA Genetics—The study of genes & heredity Trait-- inherited characteristic determined by the presence and expression of dominant and/or recessive alleles. Gene-- a segment of DNA that codes for a protein, which in turn codes for a trait (skin tone, eye color, etc.)
Slide 3-

DNA Facts Chromosomes are made of DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Molecule that stores genetic information in cells Copies itself exactly for new cells
Slide 4-

DNA-Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA is often called the blueprint of life. In simple terms, DNA contains the instructions for making proteins within the cell.
Slide 5-

Proteins Responsible for all cell structures and functions Made of long chains of amino acids There are 20 amino acids in the body Proteins are responsible for: Hair, skin, hormones, muscle movement, antibodies, chemical reactions, oxygenation of cells.
Slide 6-

When Watson, Crick and Wilkins got their Nobel prize awards in 1962, Rosalind Franklin was cheated of deserved recognition in part by her early death from cancer in 1958. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins took DNA X-ray photos that were essential to the discovery of the double helix of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
Slide 7-

Why is the Study of DNA Important? It’s essential to all life on earth Medical Benefits—disease detection, treatment, prevention Development of Crops Forensics
Slide 8-

DNA Structure DNA is a polymer (composed of repeating subunits called nucleotides) 2 long strands Each a chain of nucleotides
Slide 9-

Nucleotides Consists of… Phosphate Carbon sugar (deoxyribose) Nitrogen base
Slide 10-

Adenine and Guanine are PURINES Adenine and guanine each have two rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
Slide 11-

Thymine and Cytosine are PYRIDAMINES Thymine and cytosine each have one ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
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Types of Nitrogenous Bases A = adenine T = thymine C = cytosine G = guanine
Slide 13-

DNA Strand Each nucleotide bonds to the next one to form a strand. The two strands twist around a central axis to form a double helix. Sides of the ladder alternate phosphate and sugar (deoxyribose) Rungs are held together by Hydrogen bonds
Slide 14-

Base Pair Rule Adenine can bond only with Thymine A-T or T-A (2 H bonds) Cytosine can bond only with Guanine C-G or G-C (3 H bonds) This is called the BASE PAIR RULE
Slide 15-

Nitrogenous Bases Those 4 bases (ATCG) have endless combinations Just like the letters of the alphabet can combine to make an infinite number of words. The two strands are said to be complimentary That means that if you have GAATAC on one side you will have _ _ _ _ _ _ on the other.
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Replication The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself Why does DNA need to copy? Cells divide for an organism to grow or reproduce Every new cell needs a copy of DNA In DNA replication enzymes work to unwind and separate the double helix and add complimentary nucleotides to the exposed strands
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Replication DNA replication is semi-conservative. When it makes a copy, one half of the old strand is ALWAYS kept in the new strand This helps reduce the number of copy errors.
Slide 18-

DNA Replication DNA helicases—break H-bonds linking bases DNA polymerases—move along each of the strands, adding nucleotides, according to base pairing rules.
Slide 19-

DNA Replication The result is two exact copies of the original DNA Each new double helix is composed of one original DNA strand and one new strand. Semi-conservative
Slide 20-

Translation DNA is in the nucleus To make proteins, DNA must get its instructions to the ribosomes who make proteins. To transport its instructions, it uses Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Slide 21-

RNA Ribonucleic Acid Consists only of one strand of nucleotides Has ribose (a 5C sugar) NOT deoxyribose Has uracil (U) as a nitrogenous base NOT thymine
Slide 22-

DNA by the Numbers Each cell has about 3 meters of DNA. The average human has 300 trillion cells. The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times. DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 meters. The earth is 150 billion meters or 93 million miles from the sun.
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