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Classification of Psychiatric Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Classification of Psychiatric Disorders" by Dr. Fatima Alhaidar, Professor & Consultant, Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist, College of Medicine, KSU. Know about Classification of Psychiatric Disorders and the purposes of this classification.

Tags : Classification of Psychiatric Disorders, Psychoticism, neuroticism, introversion, extroversion

Published on : Mar 15, 2023 | Views : 1964 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Classification of Psychiatric Disorders Dr. Fatima Alhaidar Professor & Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist College of Medicine, KSU.
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Introduction: Most of physical conditions are classified on the basis of etiology, e.g.: viral pneumonia. Or On the basis of structural pathology, e.g.: Bronchopneumonia. Or Based on symptoms, e.g. migraine. Psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms. Few are based on etiology e.g. Alzheimer’s disease.
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Purposes of Classification: To make generally acceptable diagnosis. To facilitate communication between psychiatrists, other doctors and professionals. To make generalizations in treatment response, course & prognosis of individual patients. To make framework for research in psychiatry.
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Types of Classification Categorical Classification: - Grouping disorders into separate entities according to symptom – pattern, course and outcome. - It includes hierarchal categories. e.g.: Organic mental disorders then functional psychotic disorders (e.g. Schizophrenia) then neurotic disorder (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder) then personality disorders. - Also it includes in-built hierarchy of significance within the disorders themselves. e.g.: Anxiety symptoms occur commonly with depressive disorder.
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2. Dimensional Classification: - Diagnosing individual patients by giving him scores on separate dimensions. e.g. Psychoticism, neuroticism, introversion and extroversion
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3. Multiaxial Approach: Applied to schemes of classifications in which two or more separate sets of information are coded e.g. DSM, ICD
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The Basic Categories of Classification in Psychiatry: Mental Retardation – impairment of intellectual functioning, present continuously from early life. Personality Disorders – a pattern of inner feeling experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, presents continuously since adolescence or early adulthood. Mental Disorders – abnormality of behavior or psychological experience with recognizable onset after a period of normal functioning. Stress related or adjustment disorders. Other Disorders – e.g. Sexual disorders, drug dependence Learning and developmental disorders. Disorders with onset in childhood or adolescence.
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Psychiatric Disorders Organic Non-Organic Chronic Dementia Korsakoff Others Alcohol … Head Injury Etc…. Acute Delirum Wernicke’s Psychoses Schizophrenia Mood disorders Etc…. Neuroses Anxiety disorders Adjustment dis. Dysthymia Dissociative dis. Others Personality dis. Sleep disorder Sex disorder Suicide
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Neurosis and Psychosis Psychosis: - unsatisfactory term - refers broadly to severe forms of mental disorders such as: a. organic mental diseases b. schizophrenia c. affective disorders Characteristics: - greater severity - lack of insight - patient’s inability to distinguish between subjective experience and reality e.g. hallucinations, delusions.
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Neurosis: unsatisfactory term. Refers to mental disorders that are generally less severe than psychosis. Characteristics: - Symptoms are closer to normal experience e.g. anxiety.
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Features Suggesting of Organic Mental Illness: Disturbed consciousness. Disturbed cognitive functions: a. Attention and concentration b. orientation: time, place & person c. Memory : immediate, recent and remote Presence of physical illness e.g. DM, HTN Presence of neurological features e.g. dysarthria & ataxia. Old age onset.