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Cell Cycle Cell Division PowerPoint Presentation

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Published on : Jan 08, 2020 | Views : 5543 | Downloads : 40

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Slide 1-

Cell Cycle (Cell division) - DR. MANISH KHAREL
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Lets introduce ourselves with some terminologies! Chromosome : A chromosome is a continuous piece of DNA which contains the genetic information of a cell. Chromatin : It is the building block of chromosome which consists of DNA and proteins. Centriole : It is a type of microtubules. Centrosome : When two centrioles arrange themselves perpendicularly, they form centrosome. Centromere : It is the constricted region of a chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together. Chromatid : It is a one strand of chromosome after it has duplicated for cellular division.
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Why do cells divide? For growth of tissues, organs and whole body. For repair and replacement of dead cells. For asexual reproduction. Types of cell division: Mitosis : Equational or Somatic cell division. Meiosis : Reductional or Germinal cell division. Cell Cycle : It is a sequence or cycle of growth and division of a cell. It has three major phases : 1. Interphase 2. Mitosis 3. Cytokinesis
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Cell Cycle Figure of a cell cycle:
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Interphase Consists of 90% of the cell cycle. Divided into 3 sub-phases: 1. G1 Phase (1st growth phase): - Cells grow in size and volume. - Sometimes the cells enter a resting phase (G0) phase where the cells perform the functions like secretion, absorption. 2. S Phase ( Synthesis phase ) : - DNA synthesis takes place. 3. G2 Phase (2nd growth phase): - There is further growth of cells. - Cell synthesize proteins needed for cell division.
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Mitosis It occurs in somatic cells. It is the process by which nuclei divide into two identical daughter cells. The number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is same as in the mother cell. Mitosis cell division is subdivided into 5 phases: Prophase Pro-metaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
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Mitosis Figure of Mitosis:
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Phases of Mitosis 1. Prophase : - Chromosomes condense and become thicker. - Two sister chromatids attach at a point called as centromere. - Spindle fibres begin to form from two centrosome. 2. Pro-metaphase : - The nuclear membrane disappears. 3. Metaphase : - Chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane. - The spindle fibres begin to contract to the centromere of the chromosomes. 4. Anaphase : - The centromere of each chromosome splits allowing the sister chromatids to separate. - The separated chromatids are pulled by the spindle fibres to the opposite poles of the cell. 5. Telophase : - The two identical sets of chromosomes are formed on the two poles. - New nuclear membranes appear around them. - Spindle fibres disappear. - Cytokinesis starts after this phase.
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Cytokinesis The division of cytoplasm is called as cytokinesis. It takes place by two methods: Cell plate method. Constriction method.
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MEIOSIS CELL DIVISION : It is a special type of cell division that takes place only in the reproductive cells to form gametes. It has two subdivisions: Meiosis I or reductional division : The number of chromosomes of the daughter cells is reduced to half of the mother cell. Meiosis II or homotypic division : Here, the two daughter cells of first meiotic cell division form four daughter cells.
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Differences between Mitosis & Meiosis :
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MEIOSIS CELL DIVISION : Thank You !