Download Free Medical Autoimmune Disease PowerPoint Presentation

Autoimmune Disease PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "AUTOIMMUNe disease" by Ass.Prof. Dr.ESRA HASSAN. This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about autoimmune disease.

Tags : Autoimmune Diseases, immune system, inflammation

Published on : Mar 16, 2023 | Views : 1826 | Downloads : 3

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

AUTOIMMUNe disease Ass.Prof. Dr.ESRA HASSAN PH.D Clinical Immunolog
Slide 2-

Autoimmune diseases Normally, the immune system does not attack the self. This is ensured by elimination of auto-reactive lymphocytes during their development (negative selection).. The attack can be either humoral (by auto-antibodies) or cellular (by auto-reactive T cells). The attack can be directed either against a very specific tissue )organ specific ) , or to a large number of tissues (systemic autoimmune disease), depending on the self-antigen which is attacked.
Slide 3-

ppt slide no 3 content not found
Slide 4-

AUTOIMMUNITY Ability of immune system to differentiate between self and non-self antigens lost Immune system response against self antigens
Slide 5-

IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE A state in which the individual is incapable of developing an immune response against specific antigen. SELF TOLERANCE Lack of immune response to individual .s own tissue antigen (which is a good thing) TYPES OF TOLERANCE 1- CENTRAL TOLERANCE Occur during lymphocyte development. Iateans the deletion of self-reactive react against self-antigen) . T and B lymphocytes during their development in the bone marrow or thymus
Slide 6-

2- PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE Occur after lymphocyte leave their primary organ (B.M or thymus). After maturation of the immune system, there should be some mechanism to prevent auto-reactively of lymphocyte after their formation from the B.M. or thymus, some of these mechanisms are: 1-IGNORANCE The antigen is in low concentration which will not be sensed by the T-cell. Or some self-antigens are sequestrated (hidden) from the immune system during it is development such as eye, CNS, testis. 2- SUPPRESSION There is suppression of the reactive T cells by the help of other types of T cells.
Slide 7-

3- ENERGY Energy of T cells means prolonged irreversible inactivation of T cells. DEVELOVEMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE 1- Failure of self-tolerance. 2-Genetic factors. 3- Infection FAILURE OF SELF TOLERANCE BY: A- Failure of T -Cell Anergy. B- Failureof Autoreactive T Cell Apoptois C- Failure of T Cell Supprtion. D- Modification of the molecule (By Drug). E-Molecular Mimicry , some microorganism have Ag similar to some tissue Ags so there will be cross reaction of the Ab that are formed against the microorganism and react with tissue creating autoantibody F- Release of Sequestered Ag
Slide 8-

Failure of central tolerence Inside primary lymphoid organ; positive selection negative selection (Deletion of self reacting T cells in thymus apoptosis). .
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

ppt slide no 10 content not found
Slide 11-

ppt slide no 11 content not found
Slide 12-

ppt slide no 12 content not found
Slide 13-

Autoimmune Diseases Some examples of autoimmune diseases include: Type I diabetes attacks insulin-producing cells. Rheumatoid arthritis attacks connective tissues around joints. Myasthenia gravis attacks neuromuscular junctions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) destroys functions of brain and spinal cord neurons
Slide 14-

Autoimmune diseases Specific: Juvenile diabetes (attacks insulin-producing cells) Multiple sclerosis (attacks myelin coating of nerve axons) Myasthenia gravis (attacks nerve-muscle junction) Thyroiditis (attacks the thyroid) … Systemic: Immune complexes accumulate in many tissues and cause inflammation and damage. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (anti-nuclear antibodies): harms kidneys, heart, brain, lungs, skin… Rheumatoid Arthritis (anti-IgG antibodies): joints, hearts, lungs, nervous system… Rheumatic fever: cross-reaction between antibodies to streptococcus and auto-antibodies.
Slide 15-

Development of Autoimmune Disease Autoimmune disease occurs as a result of breakdown in tolerance to self Mediated by B-lymphocytes that produce antibodies to self antigens And / or T-lymphocytes with T-cell receptors that recognize selfantigens – Autoreactive CD4 Th and autoreactive CD8 cytotoxic T cells
Slide 16-

What could cause the immune system to attack the self? Changes in self-antigens, that make them look like non-self to the immune system, due to: Viral or bacterial infection Irradiation Medication Smoking … Changes in the immune system: Normal auto-antibodies exist; mutations in B cells producing them may create pathogenic auto-antibodies. Problems with control of lymphocyte development and differentiation.
Slide 17-

EXAMPLES 0F ORGAN-SPECIFIC AND NON ORGAN-SPECIFIC (SYSTEMIC) AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Organ-specific Hashimoto thyroiditis Thyrotoxicosis Addison’s disease Atrophic gastritis Juvenile diabetes mellitus Multiple sclerosis Non organ-specific Systemic lupus (SLE) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Scleroderma Dermatomyositis Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) Sjögren’s syndrome
Slide 18-

ppt slide no 18 content not found
Slide 19-

ppt slide no 19 content not found
Slide 20-

1) Tissue destruction Diabetes: CTLs destroy insulin-producing b-cells in pancreas 2) Antibodies block normal function Myasthenia gravis: Ab binds acetylcholine receptors 3) Antibodies stimulate inappropriate function Graves’ disease: Ab binds TSH receptor 4) Antigen-antibody complexes affect function Rheumatoid arthritis: IgM-IgG complexes deposited in joints inflammation Effects of autoimmunity
Slide 21-

ppt slide no 21 content not found
Slide 22-

ppt slide no 22 content not found
Slide 23-

Mechanisms of autoimmunity Ag released from hidden location. Antigen generated by molecular changes. Molecular mimicry. Alteration in Ag processing. Infection. Genetic factors.
Slide 24-

Ag related from hidden location Many self Ag are found in hidden location eg. C N S ,TESTES ,EYE (CORNEA) organ damage Hidden Ag released Reaches blood stream Encounter Ag sensitive cells Stimulate autoimmunity
Slide 25-

Damage to immunologically privileged sites can lead to autoimmunity
Slide 26-

Antigen generated by molecular changes Development of completely new epitopes on normal protein. eg RF immuno conglutinine. Mech of formation of RF : Ab + Ag new epitopes exposed on Fc region of Ab Stimulate the formation of Rf Establishment of disease like rheumatiod artheritis and SLE
Slide 27-

Molecular mimicry Sharing of epitopes between an infectious agent and its host. Antibodies directed against the infectious agents starts reacting with normal self Ag. Triggers autoimmunity.
Slide 28-

GENETIC FACTORS The important genes that regulate the development of autoimmunity are located within MHC. MHC have got critical role in maturation of T cell & induction of IR . MHC ll genes are directly responsible for auto antigen processing and presentation.
Slide 29-

ppt slide no 29 content not found
Slide 30-

ppt slide no 30 content not found
Slide 31-

ppt slide no 31 content not found
Slide 32-

ppt slide no 32 content not found
Slide 33-

ppt slide no 33 content not found
Slide 34-

ppt slide no 34 content not found
Slide 35-

ppt slide no 35 content not found
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

ppt slide no 37 content not found
Slide 38-

ppt slide no 38 content not found
Slide 39-

Rheumatiod Arthritis Auto-immune disorder which results in inflammation of the synovial lining of the joint and cartilage destruction. This result in loss of function.
Slide 40-

ppt slide no 40 content not found
Slide 41-

ppt slide no 41 content not found
Slide 42-

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects peripheral joints and may cause destruction of both cartilage and bone. The disease affects mainly individuals carrying the DR4 variant of MHC genes. This fact can lead to better prognoses and in aiding efforts to change immune reactions that involve the DR4 variant while leaving other reactions intact.
Slide 43-

ppt slide no 43 content not found
Slide 44-

SYSTEMIC LUPUSERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) Auto-antibodies formed against variety of self antigens Anti-double stranded DNA,RNA and histones Immune circulating complexes formed against self deposit on tissues
Slide 45-

Systemic lupus erythematosis is the most commonly known autoimmune disorder. This characteristic “butterfly” rash is made worse by exposure to sunlight. Lupus is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease that strikes 1 in 2,000 Americans and 10 times as many women as men.
Slide 46-

ppt slide no 46 content not found
Slide 47-

ppt slide no 47 content not found
Slide 48-

Treatment for autoimmunity Immunosuppression (e.g., prednisone, cyclosporin A) Removal of thymus (some MG patients) Plasmapheresis (remove Ab-Ag complexes) T-cell vaccination (activate suppressing T cells) Block MHC with similar peptide anti-CD4 monoclonal Ab anti-IL2R monoclonal Ab
Slide 49-

ppt slide no 49 content not found
Slide 50-

THANKS