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Antibiotic Resistance PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical titled "Antibiotic Resistance”.

This medical is about antibiotic resistance, the ability of bacteria or other microorganisms to resist the effects of antibiotics that would normally kill or limit their growth. This occurs when bacteria evolve mechanisms to defend against the antibiotics, which can be natural or acquired through genetic mutations or horizontal gene transfer.

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern worldwide, as it can lead to longer hospital stays, higher healthcare costs, and increased morbidity and mortality. Antibiotic-resistant infections can be difficult or impossible to treat, and may require more potent or toxic medications that can have serious side effects.

There are several factors that contribute to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance, including overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals, poor infection control practices, and lack of new antibiotic development. To address this problem, it is important to use antibiotics judiciously, prevent infections through vaccination and other measures, and promote the development of new antibiotics and alternative treatments.

Tags : Antibiotic Resistance, bacteria, microorganisms, antibiotics, Infectious Disease, Infectious Disease

Published on : Jun 01, 2023 | Views : 876 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Antibiotic Resistance and our Community Down With Superbugs!
Slide 2-

What We’ll Cover What is antibiotic resistance? Why should I be concerned? How can we keep our families safe? Green mucus and other exciting topics Your questions
Slide 3-

Digression #1: “Upper Respiratory Infection” A viral or bacterial invasion of the: Nose (sinusitis) Throat (pharyngitis) Chest/bronchial tubes (bronchitis) Ear (otitis media)
Slide 4-

Digression #2: “-itis” “-itis” means inflammation. 2. Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract can have many causes: Viruses, allergies, environmental exposures, bacteria 3. “-itis” does not imply bacteria or bacterial infection.
Slide 5-

“Strep” throat (scarlet & rheumatic fever) Chronic sinus infections Pneumonia Bladder infections Chlamydia, syphilis & gonorrhea They treat many bacterial illnesses, including: The Good News: Antibiotics Kill Bacteria
Slide 6-

(Adapted from Levin BR, Clin Infect Dis 2001) Antibiotics Kill Bacteria Viruses Bacteria Antibiotics
Slide 7-

(Adapted from Levin BR, Clin Infect Dis 2001) Antibiotics Need Time to Work Day 5 Day 1 Day 10
Slide 8-

Most upper respiratory infections are caused by viruses. Antibiotics have no effect against colds and the flu. Antibiotics Don’t Help Colds or the Flu
Slide 9-

When we take antibiotics to treat colds and the flu, they lose their effectiveness against bacteria. This phenomenon is known as antibiotic resistance. Overusing Antibiotics Makes them Ineffective Against Bacteria
Slide 10-

Antibiotic Resistance Over time, bacteria develop the ability to survive treatment with drugs that used to kill them. Causes of resistance: Unnecessary use for viral infections Quitting treatment too soon Unnecessary use of broad-spectrum medications
Slide 11-

Scenario #1 Jane has a sore throat. Without testing, her health care provider prescribes penicillin “just in case” it’s strep.
Slide 12-

Unnecessary Antibiotics Cause Resistance
Slide 13-

The resistant survivors multiply. R R R R R R R R R R R Treatment with penicillin has no effect. X Resistant Bacteria Can Multiply and Spread Jane is now a carrier of penicillin-resistant bacteria.
Slide 14-

Scenario #2 Ashley comes home from school with a sore throat and fever. After a positive strep test, her pediatrician prescribes penicillin.
Slide 15-

Her parents decide it’s OK to stop. Ashley takes her medicine for three days. Ashley feels fine. Scenario #2
Slide 16-

(Adapted from Levin BR, Clin Infect Dis 2001) Incomplete Treatment Causes Resistance R X X X X X Day 3 Symptoms improved, treatment stopped Day 0 R Antibiotics prescribed R R R R R R R Day 10 Resistant infection Meanwhile, the survivors multiply.
Slide 17-

R R R R R R R Resistant Infections Require Special Treatment Longer treatment Higher dosage More expensive medication Intravenous (IV) medication,hospitalization
Slide 18-

Resistant Infections are Dangerous Medication toxicity (side effects) Contagious Can pass resistance to other organisms Worst Case Scenario: The infection may become resistant to all medications (untreatable).
Slide 19-

Why We Overuse Antibiotics Patients: Think green nasal discharge = bacterial infection Need to return to work/school Expect antibiotics if they’ve been given them before Physicians Think patients expect antibiotics Concerned about patientsatisfaction Diagnosis is difficult Time pressure (Clin Pediatr. 1998;37:665-672) Antibiotic Prescription
Slide 20-

What Can Parents Do? Ask your health care provider to explain the diagnosis. Don’t insist on antibiotics. Remember: Most respiratory symptoms are caused by viruses Antibiotics probably won’t make you better any faster Green or yellow mucus doesn’t mean bacterial infection Wash your hands!
Slide 21-

The Green Mucus Myth Stott BMJ 1976;2:556 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Days of illness Patients recording yellow sputum Antibiotics Sugar Pill
Slide 22-

Don’t ask for a particular brand. When Your Child Takes Antibiotics: Take every dose, unless you’re specifically directed otherwise. NEVER save antibiotics for later illnesses. NEVER share antibiotics between family members.
Slide 23-

Be Realistic: It Takes Time to Get Over a Virus! Gwaltney JAMA 1967;202:158 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 day of illness % of patients with symptom fever sore throat cough Runny nose
Slide 24-

What Can Health Care Providers Do? Take time to explain the diagnosis and suggest ways to feel better. Ask patients about their expectations. Stick to established treatment guidelines. Treat conservatively if possible.
Slide 25-

Sore Throat Rapid Strep Test if more than one of the following are present: Discharge from tonsils Swollen/sore lymph nodes Fever No cough Antibiotic of choice for confirmed strep: Penicillin 90% of sore throats are caused by viruses!
Slide 26-

Ear Infections Buildup of fluid in the middle ear is very common in infants and toddlers Treatment: If mild, uncomplicated, no perforated eardrum and >24 mos old, consider “wait-and-see” for 72 hours Antibiotic of choice: amoxicillin No treatment is required unless the following are present: Ear pain, fever, irritability, bulging yellow/red eardrum
Slide 27-

Sinusitis If nasal discharge > 10 days OR severe symptoms: High/persistent fever, apparent illness Facial pain on one side Postnasal drip Swelling around the eye area Antibiotic of choice: amoxicillin Yellow/green mucus does not mean bacterial infection!
Slide 28-

Cough Illness Treat only confirmed pertussis (whooping cough) or pneumonia with antibiotics. Most coughs in children are caused by viruses, and may last for 2-3 weeks. Antibiotic treatment will not prevent pneumonia. Yellow/green mucus does not mean bacterial infection.
Slide 29-

A Community Approach to AppropriateAntibiotic Use Improve diagnosis (train providers and students) Collect information on resistance patterns Work with health plans to monitor prescribing habits Educate medical professionals and the public about appropriate use
Slide 30-

Help Oregon AWARE Spread the Word! Tell your friends and family about antibiotic resistance Help distribute information at work, in schools and day care centers Join our coalition