Download Free Medical Anthelmintic Drugs - Insecticides PowerPoint Presentation

Anthelmintic Drugs - Insecticides PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Pharmacology, which is titled "Anthelmintic Drugs - Insecticides", to know about the Anthelmintic Drugs (Insecticides).

Tags : Pharmacology, Anthelmintic Drugs, Insecticides

Published on : Jul 18, 2021 | Views : 2180 | Downloads : 6

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Assoc. Prof. Ivan Lambev e-mail: itlambev@mail.bg www.medpharm-sofia.eu Anthelmintic drugs Insecticides (Abstract)
Slide 2-

Relative incidence of helminth infections worldwide
Slide 3-

ppt slide no 3 content not found
Slide 4-

Niclosamide blocks glucose uptake by intestinal tapeworms. It may cause some mild GI symptoms. Piperazine may cause hypersensitivity reactions, neurological symptoms (including “worm wobble”) and may precipitate epilepsy. Praziquantel paralyses both adult worms and larvae. It may cause nausea, headache, dizziness, and drowsiness; it cures with a single dose (or divided doses in one day).
Slide 5-

Mebendazole blocks glucose uptake by nematodes. Mild GI distarbunces may be caused, and it should not be used in pregnancy or in children under the age of 2. Albendazole is similar to mebendazole. Levamisole paralyses the musculature of sensitive nematodes which, unable to maintain their anchorage, are expelled by normal peristalsis. It may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness.
Slide 6-

Thiabendazole inhibits cellular enzymes of susceptible helminths. Gastrointestinal, neuro- logical and hypersensitivity reactions, liver damage, and crystalluria may be induced. Pyrantel depolarises neuromuscular junctions of susceptible nematodes which are expelled in the faeces. It cures with a single dose. It may induce GI disturbance, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and insomnia. Levamisole
Slide 7-

Diethylcarbamazine kills both microfilariae and adult worms. Fever, headache, anorexia, malaise, urticaria, vomiting, and asthmatic attacks following the first dose are due to products of destruction of the parasite, and reactions are minimised by slow increase in dosage over the first 3 days. Ivermectin may cause immediate reactions due to the death of the microfilaria (early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic nematodes) . It can be effective in a single dose, but it works best if repeated at 6–12-month intervals.
Slide 8-

Cestodes (tapeworms) Beef tapeworm – Taenia saginata Pork tapeworm – Taenia solium Cysticercosis – Taenia solium Fish tapeworm – Diphyllobothrium latum Hydatid disease – Echinococcus granulosus
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

Enterobius vermicularis
Slide 11-

ppt slide no 11 content not found
Slide 12-

Life cycle of Trichinella spiralis (cosmopolitan)
Slide 13-

Trichinella larva encysted in a characteristic hyalinized capsule in striated muscle tissue
Slide 14-

Life cycle of Necator americanus
Slide 15-

Ancylostoma duodenale
Slide 16-

Elephantiasis (Lymphatic filariasis) of the lower extremity associated with Wuchereria bancrofti infection
Slide 17-

Life cycle of Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
Slide 18-

ppt slide no 18 content not found
Slide 19-

Life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus
Slide 20-

ppt slide no 20 content not found
Slide 21-

(small crustaceans)
Slide 22-

Insecticides Whereas fleas can be effectively dealt with by disinfection of clothes, lice and mites require the topical application of insecticides to the infected subject. Chlorphenothane (DDT – Dichlor-Diphenyl-Trichlorethan) kills insects after absorption of a very small amount, e.g., via foot contact with sprayed surfaces (contact insecticide). The cause of death is nervous system damage and seizures. In humans DDT causes acute neurotoxicity only after absorption of very large amounts.
Slide 23-

DDT is chemically stable and degraded in the environment and body at extremely slow rates. As a highly lipophilic substance, it accumulates in fat tissues. Widespread use of DDT in pest control has led to its accumulation in food chains to alarming levels. For this reason its use has now been banned in many countries.
Slide 24-

Lindane is the active gama-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane. It also exerts a neurotoxic action on insects (as well as humans). Irritation of skin or mucous membranes may occur after topical use. Lindane is active also against intrader- mal mites (Sarcoptes scabiei, causative agent of scabies), besides lice and fleas. It is more readily degraded than DDT. Permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, exhibits similar antiectoparasitic activity and may be the drug of choice due to its slower cutaneous absorption, fast hydrolytic inactivation, and rapid renal elimination. Scabiei