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Anatomy of The Ear PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Anatomy of the Ear" by Dr Isazadehfar.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about ear, the organ responsible for hearing and balance. It is divided into three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.

Outer Ear: The outer ear includes the visible part of the ear, the auricle or pinna, and the ear canal. The auricle collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal, which leads to the eardrum.
Middle Ear: The middle ear is an air-filled space behind the eardrum. It contains three tiny bones called the ossicles: the malleus, incus, and stapes. The ossicles transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The middle ear is also connected to the back of the throat by the Eustachian tube, which equalizes air pressure in the middle ear.
Inner Ear: The inner ear is a complex structure that contains the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals. The cochlea is a snail-shaped organ that converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses, which are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. The vestibule and semicircular canals are involved in balance and spatial orientation.

Overall, the ear is a fascinating and complex organ that allows us to perceive the sounds around us and maintain our sense of balance.

Tags : Ear, the outer ear, the middle ear, the inner ear, Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1006 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Anatomy of the Ear Dr isazadehfar
Slide 2-

Major Divisions of the Ear Peripheral Mechanism Central Mechanism
Slide 3-

Outer Ear Pinna External Auditory Meatus Pinna Preauricular Tags Preauricular Pits EAM Cerumen
Slide 4-

Pinna
Slide 5-

Function of Outer Ear Collect sound Localization Resonator Protection Sensitive (earlobe) Other?
Slide 6-

Pinna The visible portion that is commonly referred to as "the ear" Helps localize sound sources Directs sound into the ear Each individual's pinna creates a distinctive imprint on the acoustic wave traveling into the auditory canal
Slide 7-

External Auditory Meatus Extends from the pinna to the tympanic membrane About 26 millimeters (mm) in length and 7 mm in diameter in adult ear. Size and shape vary among individuals. Protects the eardrum Resonator Provides about 10 decibels (dB) of gain to the eardrum at around 3,300 Hertz (Hz). The net effect of the head, pinna, and ear canal is that sounds in the 2,000 to 4,000 Hz region are amplified by 10 to 15 dB. Sensitivity to sounds greatest in this frequency region Noises in this range are the most hazardous to hearing
Slide 8-

Cerumen The purpose of wax: Repel water Trap dust, sand particles, micro-organisms, and other debris Moisturize epithelium in ear canal Odor discourages insects Antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal properties Cleranse ear canal
Slide 9-

Middle Ear Tympanic Cavity Tympanic Membrane Ossicles Middle Ear Muscles Eustachian Tube Mastoid Virtual Tour of the Ear Middle Ear Cavity Ossicles Middle Ear Muscles Mastoid Eustachian Tube Function Amplifier Cholesteatoma Temporal bone fractures Otitis Media PE tubes Otosclerosis
Slide 10-

Function of Middle Ear Conduction Conduct sound from the outer ear to the inner ear Protection Creates a barrier that protects the middle and inner areas from foreign objects Middle ear muscles may provide protection from loud sounds Transducer Converts acoustic energy to mechanical energy Converts mechanical energy to hydraulic energy Amplifier Transformer action of the middle ear only about 1/1000 of the acoustic energy in air would be transmitted to the inner-ear fluids (about 30 dB hearing loss)
Slide 11-

Tympanic Membrane The eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear Creates a barrier that protects the middle and inner areas from foreign objects Cone-shaped in appearance about 17.5 mm in diameter The eardrum vibrates in response to sound pressure waves. The membrane movement is incredibly small as little as one-billionth of a centimeter
Slide 12-

Eustachian Tube The eustachian tube connects the front wall of the middle ear with the nasopharynx The eustachian tube also operates like a valve, which opens during swallowing and yawning This equalizes the pressure on either side of the eardrum, which is necessary for optimal hearing. Without this function, a difference between the static pressure in the middle ear and the outside pressure may develop, causing the eardrum to displace inward or outward This reduces the efficiency of the middle ear and less acoustic energy will be transmitted to the inner ear.
Slide 13-

Ossicles Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup) smallest bone of the body
Slide 14-

Transformer/Amplifier Transform the vibrating motion of the eardrum into motion of the stapes. The middle ear enhances the transfer of acoustical energy in two ways: The area of the eardrum is about 17 times larger than the oval window The effective pressure (force per unit area) is increased by this amount. The ossicles produce a lever action that further amplifies the pressure Without the transformer action of middle ear, about 1/1000 of acoustic energy in air transmitted to inner-ear fluids (about 30 dB loss). Malleus and incus vibrate together, transmitting the sound waves from the eardrum to the footplate of the stapes (this pushes the oval window in and out)(mechanical energy)
Slide 15-

Mastoid
Slide 16-

Otosclerosis Develops most frequently between ages of 10 and 30. About 10–15% of patients have unilateral loss. Affects women more frequently than men by a ratio of 2:1. Pregnancy once thought to be a risk factor for the development and / or worsening of otosclerosis…recent studies have disputed this. May progress to nerve deafness called cochlear otosclerosis.
Slide 17-

Inner Ear Auditory Vestibular Vestibular semicircular canals utricle and saccule Cochlear
Slide 18-

Function of Inner Ear Convert mechanical sound waves to neural impulses that can be recognized by the brain for: Hearing Balance
Slide 19-

Cochlea The cochlea resembles a snail shell and spirals for about 2 3/4 turns around a bony column Within the cochlea are three canals: Scala Vestibuli Scala Tympani Scala Media
Slide 20-

Organ of Corti
Slide 21-

Organ of Corti
Slide 22-

Organ of Corti
Slide 23-

OHC vs. IHC Function
Slide 24-

VIII Cranial Nerve Auditory Branch Vestibular Branch Virtual Tour of the Ear Auditory Branch Vestibular Branch Spiral ganglion Acoustic Tumors
Slide 25-

Acoustic Neuroma
Slide 26-

Central Auditory Mechanism Auditory Path Virtual Tour of the Ear Auditory Path