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About Movement Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Movement Disorders”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about movement disorders, a group of neurological conditions that affect a persons ability to control their movements. These disorders can cause involuntary movements or make it difficult to initiate or control movements. Some of the most common movement disorders include:
Parkinsons disease: This is a degenerative disorder that affects the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to tremors, rigidity, and difficulty with movement.
Essential tremor: This is a disorder that causes tremors in the hands, head, or voice that worsen during movement.
Dystonia: This is a disorder that causes involuntary muscle contractions that can cause repetitive or twisting movements.
Huntingtons disease: This is a genetic disorder that affects the basal ganglia, leading to involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes.
Tourette syndrome: This is a disorder that causes involuntary vocalizations and movements called tics.
Restless legs syndrome: This is a disorder that causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an urge to move them, often disrupting sleep.

Treatment for movement disorders depends on the underlying condition and may include medication, physical therapy, and surgery in some cases.

Tags : movement disorders, neurological conditions, Parkinsons disease, Essential tremor, Dystonia, Huntingtons disease, Tourette syndrome, Restless legs syndrome, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 523 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Movement Disorders
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definitions Chorea: Involuntary movements resulting from a continuous flow of random muscle contractions. Dystonia: Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both. Myoclonus: Involuntary single quick contraction of a muscle group (or its inhibition). Can be repeated but not rhythmic. Tremor: Involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movement around a joint axis Bradykinesia: Involuntary slowness of movement
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Rigidity Abnormally increased resistance to movement that is independent of the velocity of the movement.
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Bradykinesia Slowness of initiation with progressive reduction in speed and amplitude of repetitive action
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Parkinsonism: Features of rigidity, bradykinesia, rest tremor Parkinson’s Disease: The most common condition to present with parkinsonism Core features of Parkinsons disease: rigidity, bradykinesia, rest tremor +/- Postural instability. PD occurs due to the loss of substantia nigra dopamine releasing neurons.
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Parkinsonian tremor 4-6 Hz Predominantly rest Re-emergence with maintained posture Increases with mental concentration
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Non-motor symptoms Seen in Parkinson’s Disease REMBD Anosmia Depression/anxiety Autonomic dysfunction Hallucinations Cognitive impairment
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Parkinsonism and …… Impaired vertical gaze Progressive Supranuclear Gaze Palsy Involvement of other neurological systems (cerebellar signs and severe autonomic dysfunction) Multiple System Atrophy Cortical impairments (Sensory: Astereognosis, agraphesthesia, apraxia) Corticobasal degeneration Upper motor neuron signs  Vascular Parkinsonism Drug induced Parkinsonism (ALWAYS ask about medication history, eg: metoclopramide and neuroleptics)
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Investigations Investigations and Imaging is normal in typical PD Diagnosis is clinical
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Management of PD Levodopa/Carbidopa (LD/CD) Dopamine agonists (Pramipexole, rotigotine) MAO B inhibitor (Selegeline, rasagaline) COMT inhibitors (Entacapone)-Prolongs activity of LD in blood Deep brain Stimulation-Used in (LD/CD responsive patients)
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Red Flags If present, suspect conditions other than PD: Neuroleptic/anti-emetic drug use Early/prominent autonomic dysfunction Limited eye movements Pyramidal, cerebellar or sensory symptoms Cognitive impairment or signs of higher cortical dysfunction
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Essential tremor Most common movement disorder Slowly progressive action tremor, disappears at rest Worse with physical activity, caffeine, stress May temporarily improve after alcoholic beverages Hereditary, autosomal dominant Responds well to propranolol
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Other disorders Chorea can occur in “Sydenham’s Chorea” and in Huntington's disease (HD). HD is an autosomal dominant disorder with progressive chorea, cognitive impairment and psychiatric features develop. Dystonia, could be generalized or focal, could be lesional, drug or idiopathic Ballismus, a large amplitude choreaform movement, seen after subthalamic strokes usually Myoclonus, seen during encephalopathies or drug related, hereditary disorders
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