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About Infertility PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Infertility"by Penne Mott.

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about male and female infertility.

Male infertility refers to a mans inability to impregnate a fertile female partner, while female infertility refers to a womans inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to full term. Both male and female infertility can have a variety of causes.

Causes of male infertility can include Low sperm count or poor sperm quality, Testicular injury or disease, Hormonal imbalances, Genetic disorders, Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), Certain medications, such as chemotherapy or steroids and Lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use, etc.

Causes of female infertility can include Ovulation disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Fallopian tube damage or blockages, Uterine abnormalities, Endometriosis, Hormonal imbalances, Age-related factors, and Certain medications, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, etc.

Its important to note that infertility is not always a result of a problem with just one partner. It can be caused by a combination of factors affecting both partners. Therefore, its important for both partners to undergo evaluation and testing if they are experiencing infertility. Treatment options for infertility can include medication, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Tags : male infertility, female infertility, Infertility, female reproductive systems, male reproductive systems, Fertility drugs, Intrauterine insemination, In vitro fertilization, IVF, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI, Surgery, Donor eggs or sperm, Gestational carrier

Published on : Apr 18, 2023 | Views : 915 | Downloads : 5

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Slide 1-

Infertility Penne Mott
Slide 2-

Diagnosis After one year of frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse there is no conception or maintenance of pregnancy 15 – 30% couples in US
Slide 3-

Etiology Endometriosis Interference with tubal patency Endometrial fragility Adhesions that displace the ovaries Treatment Laparoscopy Cautery Hormonal Rx
Slide 4-

Etiology Tubal Blockage Scarring (PID) Fibroids Uterine Problems Tumors Congenital Anomalies
Slide 5-

Etiology Anovulation Genetic – Turners Syndrome, Hypogonadism Problems with the Hypothalamus Pituitary-ovarian hormonal feedback mechanisms Hypothyroidism Stress Decreased body weight
Slide 6-

Etiology Anovulation Treatment Menotropins – Pergonal, Repronex (medications made up of gonadotropins extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women) GnRH Agonist – Lupron, Synarel (synthetic versions of GnRH’s)
Slide 7-

Etiology Cervical Mucus Problems Vaginal Infections Hormone Deficiencies Treatment HRT Cryosurgery Guaifenesin
Slide 8-

Etiology – Male Factors Varicocele – varicose of swollen vein in the testicle Cryptorchidism – undescended testicle at birth Restrictive undergarments Occupational exposure to heat Working in a seated position
Slide 9-

Etiology – Male Factors Immunological Factors Autoimmune reaction Production of antibodies that destroy sperm Obstruction in Sperm Transport Mumps Epididymitis STD’s
Slide 10-

Assessment – MaleHistory General Health Nutrition Alcohol, drug or tobacco use Congenital health problems - hypospadias or cryptorchidism Illnesses such as mumps orchitis, UTI’s, or STD’s
Slide 11-

Assessment – MaleHistory Operations – surgical repair of a hernia Current illnesses – endocrine Past and current occupation & work habits (Does job involve sitting at a desk all day or x-ray exposure)
Slide 12-

Assessment – FemaleHistory Current or past reproductive tract problems Endocrine problems Abdominal or pelvic surgeries Use of vaginal douches or medications (interfere with pH) Occupational exposure to x-ray or toxic substances
Slide 13-

Assessment – FemaleHistory Menstrual History Age of menarche Length, regularity, & frequency of menstrual periods Amount of flow Dysmenorhea / PMS Contraceptive use Hx. Previous pregnancies or abortions
Slide 14-

Diagnostic Studies – Female Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Oral temp taken each day prior to arising Results are graphed Sudden dip occurs the day prior to ovulation & is followed by a rise of 0.5 –1.0 degrees F, which indicates ovulation
Slide 15-

Diagnostic Studies – Female Serum Hormone Testing Venous blood is drawn to assess levels of FSH and LH These are indicators of ovarian function
Slide 16-

Diagnostic Studies – Female Postcoital Exam Couple has sexual intercourse 8 – 12 hours prior to exam, 1-2 days before expected ovulation A 10 cc syringe with catheter attached is used to collect a specimen of secretions from the vagina Secretions are examined for: S/S infection, # of active & non-motile sperm, sperm-mucus interactions, & consistency of cervical mucus
Slide 17-

Diagnostic Studies – Female Endometrial Biopsy Paracervical Block to decrease cramping / pain Pinch of endometrium obtained to check for a luteal phase defect (lack of progesterone) Pre-procedure Care Instruct the client to undress below the waist Assist on exam table
Slide 18-

Diagnostic Studies – Female Endometrial biopsy Post-procedural Care Provide sanitary napkins Assess for vaso-vagal response – fainting caused by hypotension
Slide 19-

Diagnostic Studies – Female Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) Detects uterine anomalies (septate, unicornate, bicornate) Detects Tubal anomalies or blockage Iodine-based radio-opaque dye is instilled through a catheter into the uterus and tubes to outline these structures and x-rays are taken to document findings
Slide 20-

Diagnostic Studies – Female Laparoscopy General or epidual anesthesia Abdomen is insufflated with carbon dioxide One or more trochars are inserted into the peritoneum near the umbilicus & symphysis pubis Laparoscope visualizes structures in the pelvis Can perform certain surgical procedures
Slide 21-

Diagnostic Studies –Male Semen analysis Ejaculates into a specimen container Ejaculate examined for: Number Morphology Motility
Slide 22-

Normal Semen Analysis Results Volume >2.0 mL pH 7.0 – 8.0 Total sperm count >20 million per mL Motility 50% or greater Normal forms 50% or greater
Slide 23-

Diagnostic Studies –Male & Female Partner Anti-sperm antibody evaluation of cervical mucus and ejaculate are tested for agglutination Indication that secretory immunological reactions are occurring between cervical mucus and sperm
Slide 24-

Psychological Factors Shame Guilt Stages of grief Facilitate communication Listen Support Groups
Slide 25-

Priority Nursing Diagnosis Compromised family coping Knowledge deficit Anxiety Situational low self-esteem
Slide 26-

Implementation and Collaborative Care Educational Needs Perform various procedures (semen collection) Meaning of the results of tests and assessments Self-monitoring during medication administration How assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are performed
Slide 27-

Implementation and Collaborative Care Hormonal Therapy How to give SQ and/or IM injections
Slide 28-

Implementation and Collaborative Care Medications Clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Serophene) – used to increase FSH and LH secretion, thereby stimulating ovulation One IM dose of HCG may be administered to stimulate release of the ova from the follicles
Slide 29-

Implementation and Collaborative Care Sperm Washing for Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) Ejaculate is centrifuged to concentrate sperm, which are then rinsed with saline to remove the seminal fluid Sperm are again centrifuged, and then used for either IVF or Intrauterine artificial insemination
Slide 30-

Implementation and Collaborative Care Intrauterine Insemination (a form of artificial insemination) Sperm are collected within 3 hours of colitus and are inserted via a catheter into the uterus Donor sperm may be used Identify of the sperm donor is kept confidential
Slide 31-

Implementation and Collaborative Care In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Multiple ova are harvested via a large-bore needle and syringe transvaginally under ultrasound guidance Ova are then mixed with sperm Up to 4 of the resultant embryos are returned to the uterus 2-3 days later
Slide 32-

IVF Side Effects Cysts on the ovaries Multiple births Ovarian Hyperstimulation
Slide 33-

IVF – Pre-procedure Care Administration of synthetic FSH injections SQ in the abdomen, thigh or upper arm to stimulate the ovary to produce multiple ova for 5 – 6 days prior to the procedure Giving sedation for the oval retrieval procedure
Slide 34-

IVF – Postprocedure Care Observation 2 hrs after egg retrieval Instructing the woman to limit activity for 24 hrs. After embryo placement progesterone supplementation is commonly prescribed
Slide 35-

THINK – Answer the Following The client is undergoing ovulation induction in preparation for IVF. She has business commitments and wants to know when to schedule her meetings around the IVF procedure. What should the nurse tell her?
Slide 36-

Case Study The client is a 38 year old woman with primary infertility. The client and her husband are in today for a first appointment at the infertility clinic where you work.
Slide 37-

Answer the Following What medical and surgical history questions will you ask the woman? What medical and surgical history questions will you ask of the client’s husband? When the client asks you what to expect in the initial assessment of her infertility, how will you answer?
Slide 38-

Answer the Following What information about the couple’s sexual activity do you need to obtain? How will the woman’s age affect the couple’s probable infertility treatment?
Slide 39-

Alternatives to Childbirth Adoption Surrogate mothers Childless living